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DevLearn 08 Keynote: Tim O’Reilly

12 November 2008 by Clark 8 Comments

Tim O’Reilly, Web 2.0 guru, talked to us about what web 2.0 is and led us to his implications for what we do.   He started off talking about tracking the ‘alpha geek’.   These are the folks who manage to thrive and innovate despite us, rather than because of us.   He’s essentially built O’Reilly on watching what these folks do, analyzing the underlying patterns, and figuring out what’s key.

He talked about the stories that Web 2.0 is about open source, or social, were surface   takes, and by looking at leading companies, e.g. Google, there was something else going on. It’s not just user-generated content, but mining user-generated data for value, and then adding value on top of it.   “Data is the intel inside.”

This led him to key competencies going forward being machine learning, statistics, and design.   It isn’t about well-structured data, but about finding the nuggets in messy data.   And it is about design as an “architecture of participation” that gets users to act in the ways you’d like.

His take home message was six points that boil down to watching your alpha geeks, and use them to help guide what you should be doing, to help others achieve their potential.   An inspiring message in a very geek-cred way :).

I concept-mapped it:

User-Centered System Design

8 November 2008 by Clark Leave a Comment

Back when I did my PhD, I was fortunate to be in Don Norman’s group when they were developing some of the primary design principles about designing for how people really think (“cognitive engineering”).   It focused on designing for the way people work (my twist was designing for how people learn).   I recently ranted about animated gifs, and I’ve got a similar catalyst here.

As background, people don’t do many things exactly the same way. We’re really bad at rote stuff, and instead are widely creative.   If you want information from someone, it might come in many different ways: if you asked how to get somewhere, you might get a map, a set of instructions, a series of landmarks, directions to MapQuest or GoogleMaps, etc.

When you’re designing a web site (or application) that asks for information, you can do several things.   The right thing to do is to have the backend processing be smart.   Put the burden on the system to tolerate user preferences.   For instance, I like that several different address book applications I’ve used accept phone numbers in several different ways: (925) 200-0881, 925.200.0881, 925-200-0881, etc, and remap it to their internal format.   You put it in in a different way, and it comes back in their canonical format.   That *might* drive you mad, but if you vary to widely, it’ll accept your variety just as you want.   Same with dates in many applications.   Great user experience.

Alternatively, if you want to put the burden on the human, provide guidance.   Next to the field, put either instructions (“9 digit starting with area code, no separators”), or better yet, an example (“925-200-0881”) next to the field. This puts the burden on the interface designer to communicate, and the user to adapt so is slightly less elegant, but may be more likely to lead to valid data.   However, it’s at least claer.

The worst case is not to tell the user (presumably not to spoil an elegant interface, cough cough), but to provide feedback if they get it wrong.   The advice above comes after you don’t follow their preferred format.   This is not proactive, but at least it’s helpful, at least if you think that there’s only a small chance they’ll choose any way but the way you expect.

So, of course, I just ran into a bad example where I was entering email addresses.   They had to be separated in the one field, so I could use: spaces, commas, or put them on separate lines.   I tried the latter, and was told it wasn’t in the right format, without telling me what the right format is!   Bad designer, no twinkie!

I’m sorry, but these things were known 15 years ago when I was teaching interface design.   And learning design typically includes some interface design. I mean, you want the learners to be acting, so you’ve got to design interactions, so you’re about usability design as well.   I do believe learning designers need an understanding of usability, even if development really should have all the right skill sets for the necessary jobs: that is a writer for prose, a graphic designer for look and feel, usability expert for interactions, instructional designer for the learning, audio, video, etc.   In the real world, however, you’re likely going to have to do some, or at least evaluate the toolset capabilities, so do get some exposure to basic usability.   A great start is Don Norman’s Design of Everyday Things.   Easy and fascinating read, and you’ll never look at the world in the same way again.

However you do it, be sensitive to aesthetics and usability.   You’ll be a better designer, even if you will be a wee bit less tolerant of bad design.   But I think that’s a good thing, or we’ll never move forward!

Upcoming events to be excited about

4 November 2008 by Clark Leave a Comment

Next week is DevLearn, and as it’s run by the eLearning Guild, it’s always good.   I’ll be switching time between two pre-conference symposiums, one on games, and one on mobile.   Then I’ll be presenting on Deeper Instructional Design, doing Breakfast Bytes on (learning) games in the organization and one with Jay Cross on hot topics from the conference, and will be part of Jay Cross’ Learnscaping presentation.   Whew!

The learnscaping will resurrect for the Corporate Learning Trends conference.   Run by George Siemens, Tony Karrer, and Jay Cross, it’s got good content, and the price is right (free, as in beer).   The Learnscape co-conspirators here, Jay, Harold Jarche, Jane Hart, and myself will be talking about our thinking behind it.   We’ll also be running a learnscape environment alongside the conference.

I won’t be at TechKnowledge 2009 at the end of January, but it’s a good conference. I’ve been involved in the past, and can vouch that it’s well organized, and works hard to have a solid line up.

In February, there’s the Training 2009 conference in Atlanta, and I’ll be running a mobile certificate program beforehand (I’ve designed what I think are some really valuable activities), as well as talking on mobile and deeper ID.

I haven’t heard yet about the eLearning Guild’s Annual Gathering in Orlando next spring, but it’s worth keeping an eye out for.   They throw great events.

Finally, the last one on my schedule as of now is ASTD’s International Conference and Exposition.   I’ll be running a one day pre-conference workshop on eLearning Strategy, and I’m really excited about getting into the details of how you tie together the individual tactics of courses, portals, eCommunity and more into a coherent solution.

Remember, this is part of your professional development, and they’re a lot of fun usually, too.   If you attend one of these, do say hello!

VOTE!

2 November 2008 by Clark Leave a Comment

Ok, this is currently for America, but hopefully it’s relevant to all who prefer and enjoy a democratic or representative government.   Participate!   No excuses.   Don’t take your candidate’s status for granted, please, regardless.   I’m a firm believer in civic duty (and was before I became a board member of the Center for Civic Education).   I liked what Hunter Thompson had to say; if you haven’t participated in the process, you’ve no right to complain.

While I’m talking politics, there’s one thing I fail to understand: the negative association of the phrase “tax and spend”.   To me, that’s just good practice. while the alternatives have some problems.

Let’s take for granted that there has to be some government spending.   On national defense, for example. Infrastructure, like freeways.   Heck, just to have a government, there has to be spending.   Now, I’ll certainly agree that there has been unnecessary spending, and absolutely want to cut the ‘pork’.   And we certainly should make sure that we’re being efficient in the services we spend for.   No bloated bureaucracies, please.   We need to ensure that our money’s being spent wisely, but we do need to spend.   So…

Not to tax and then to spend is fiscally irresponsible.   I mean, if it were a consumer, we’d cut up the credit cards!   To tax and not spend is just mean.   You’re taking money from people and not putting it to work.   Maybe a little budgeting is ok, for the future or tough times.   Finally, not taxing and not spending is fiscally responsible, but remember that base level of spending we need.   So, we can fight about how much to spend or on what, but it seems to me that ‘tax and spend’ isn’t really an insult.   And the best way to agree or disagree with me is, again, to vote.   Take advantage of your privilege!

De Tocqueville, 1840: “The American Republic will endure, until politicians realize they can bribe the people with their own money.”

Coaching in games

15 October 2008 by Clark Leave a Comment

Much of intelligent tutoring system (ITS) work focuses on creating deep domain models of a particular task, creating essentially an expert system, and then coaching students as they navigate that domain.   Valerie Shute and Jeffrey Bonar did something different a number of years ago, building a tutoring model/system that tutored your exploration and experimentation strategies and layered that same model on top of exploratory environments for optics, electric circuits, and economics.

I always thought you could do the same in a game environment.   That is, if you had a game framework that you built games in, with structured representations such as definable maps and actions that could be taken, you could similarly coach learning/research skills instead of the domain.   It’s about looking at how people explore and trial things.   I even tried to get funding to build it, but sadly wasn’t successful for whatever reason (probably several reasons).   We did build a coaching engine into Quest that followed the principles, checking your search, not your domain knowledge (as well as monitoring your levels to give hints), so I knew the approach was viable.

Yesterday, I saw that they were putting ads into video games, and was reminded that we now have the game environments (e.g. Unreal engine) with generic structure to not only to take live feeds into games, but sufficiently generic that a coaching engine could be added.   It’s doable.   It’s far more interesting than putting ads in games!   Who’s, ahem, game?

First eLearning?

3 October 2008 by Clark Leave a Comment

This month’s Big Question from the Learning Circuit’s blog is, basically, where do you begin?   Of course, that begs the question: what do you already know? Design, ID, a tool, ?

However, it appears that the question sort of assumes a preexisting master’s in ID/IT.   Which, if it’s done well, includes several different tools, lots of ID, a whiff of interface design, some experience prototyping different types of interactions (sync, games, etc), and one major project with project planning, prototyping, testing, and production.   Which, of course, is a dream.

Regardless, I’d recommend Clive Shepherd’s 30 60 minute Master’s (NB: you have to open an account), my own 7 Step Program (PDF) on the reading side.   Then I’d recommend taking a topic and storyboarding, testing, refining, prototyping, testing, and refining.   All before you actually start building.   I don’t really care how you prototype: it can be PPT, raw html, whatever.   Or a rapid elearning tool, but don’t put hands to a development tool ’til it’s mapped out on paper (you don’t want to prematurely converge on what the tool makes easy until you’ve figured out the best design).

For production, there are lots of tools out there. Apparently Udutu is free to author in, and there are lots of tools out there, SmartBuilder, Lectora, etc.   Whatever your org already has it’s mitts on.   Of course, if you’ve gone more creative in your design, you might need to actually work in, say, Flash.

But get the design right first; as I say, “if you get the design right, there are lots of ways to implement it, but if you don’t get the design right, it doesn’t matter how you implement it!”

Free Web 2.0 Learning course!

24 September 2008 by Clark Leave a Comment

This is worth touting.   Michelle Martin, and Harold Jarche of Work Literacy, assisted by Tony Karrer, in conjunction with the eLearning Guild, are hosting a free   Web 2.0 workshop.   Spread over six weeks leading up to DevLearn, there’s a topic a week, and tasks to accomplish depending on your bandwidth, and a community, etc.

The more I explore web 2.0 applications for organizational learning (and innovation, execution, etc), the more opportunities I see.   The technologies are really a core part of the performance ecosystem, and I am increasingly excited about the possibilities.

I haven’t met Michelle (hope to at DevLearn), but know enough of the Guild, Tony, Harold, and her writings to be able to highly recommend this.   The price is right, the topic is essential, the crew is top-notch, how can you go wrong?

WGU and online learning

23 September 2008 by Clark 1 Comment

Today I had a chance to visit with Western Governors University.   Set up a more than a decade ago, it’s gradually grown to an enrollment of more than 10K students.   It’s purely online, but supported by 20 states, which gives it some interesting opportunities (read: political clout).

At the core of their model is the fact that their curricula are entirely competency-based.   They build their programs around specific outcomes (developed from an industry-based advisory board, whether the industry be IT or education), align assessments, and design the course materials towards those assessments.   It’s a refreshing focus on meaningful outcomes, beyond that which many programs claim, and they’ve been able to get accreditation on that basis (not despite it).   It also allows flexibility in schedule, and testing-out.

They’re also working on developing the social learning around it, both supporting content discussions and learning discussions.   They’ve got a goal of helping learners succeed, and to this end are pretty up-front about what it takes to succeed in a largely self-directed learning environment, despite the mentors. Still, it’s an ongoing learning process (the law of unanticipated consequences).

Which is not to say that they don’t face challenges.   They want to keep costs down, and not become a development house, so they’ve focused on sourcing the learning resources, and have largely been tied to what’s available off the shelf.   The learner experience in terms of the prepared materials could be enhanced from a motivational standpoint.   Also, it’s hard to develop and maintain a focus on higher-level learning objectives.   Further, the technology environment is a moving target that demands continual improvement.   They’re taking systematic steps to address these issues.

Overall, it’s an impressive endeavor, on both principled and practical grounds.   Robert Mendenhall, the President, set out to change the model after many years experience, believing that competencies and technology could provide a viable alternative to existing practices, and WGU is a testimony to his vision and ability to sell and deliver it.   A worthy challenge to the status quo.

Facebook Apprenticeship

3 September 2008 by Clark 1 Comment

Jay Cross has an interesting post about using Facebook in the organization, and makes a connectionCognitive Apprenticeship I hadn’t seen (and wish I had :).   He’s citing another post on FaceBook and the Enterprise, where JP Rangaswami posits that Facebook can be used to allow individuals to track what their bosses are doing, as role models.   Jay connects this to Cognitive Apprenticeship (my favorite model of learning), where the boss is modeling his thinking processes, and the employee can use that model as a guide to performance.   Modeled performance is one of the components.

This is a great idea, making individuals thought processes visible for others to see, though whether it has to be the boss specifically, or others employees worth tracking (the more experienced practitioner, the expert in a particular area of interest) is an open question.   Likewise, the employee’s actions might be made visible as a basis for coaching/mentoring.

I’m not sure Facebook is the right tool, but a combination of tools might make sense and Facebook’s APIs might make it possible.   As I commented on Jay’s blog:

I‘m reminded of an interview I heard (wish I knew where; time for Evernote?) where this guy talked about how he kept his team on track: his del.ico.us tags, using basecamp, IM, etc left a trail of what he was paying attention to, where everyone was at, letting them work in tight synchrony.

That sort of open process can be quick, informative, and how Web 2.0 might really transform the ways people work, making personal learning a process of looking in the window of other’s working, and vice versa.   Of course, there are other issues, like privacy, and having a culture where sharing is the basis for improvement, not chastisement.

This actually might fit in with Tony Karrer’s post over at the Learning Circuit’s blog about to-learn lists: could we couple learning goals with semantic web to track relevant actions/posts/tags/etc to auto-support to-learn lists?   And this may be one of the answers to Brent Schlenker’s question about what is eLearning 2.0.

JP’s message recalls how his employees actually wanted to see not how he handled the incoming mail, but how he responded; his outgoing mail.   Very interesting.   Somewhere between seeing what someone’s paying attention to, and seeing how they actually communicate, is a very interesting opportunity.   Blogs provide some insight, tweets another.   So do del.ico.us tags (which I don’t use yet, and perhaps should). You can follow the people blazing the paths, at least. I’m happy following blogs and tweets so far, and learning from it.   Are many of you doing that?   And finding it valuable?

Distributed Learning

22 August 2008 by Clark 3 Comments

Distributed learning is an idea that I think offers an untapped potential, what with the new technologies we have.   I’m not talking here about distance learning, but instead a combination of slow learning with ubiquitous learning.   The idea is to combine learning on the go and on-demand with a long term relationship, personalized awareness, and mixed media.   Think of it as cloud computing for your learning goals.

There are strong reasons for spreading learning over time (Will Thalheimer‘s got a whole white paper on it) –   think drip irrigation.   We can use technology to do this in a contextually relevant way; not just random elements, but wrapped around the events in our life.   With some knowledge of our schedule, and our learning goals, a system could pop out little relevant bits of learning to develop us over time.

Imagine that you’ve learning goals about communication, and about coaching.   Assume, for the moment, an imaginary curriculum that places ‘authenticity’ after ‘understanding the other’s point’, and that you’ve completed the latter.   Then, before a business meeting with a potential new contact, you might get a message to “‘say what you mean, mean what you say, without being mean‘, after you ensure you’ve heard them”   that comes in right before the meeting.   After the meeting you might be connected to a coach/mentor, to see how it went.

Later that same day, you’ve got a review meeting with one of your reports, and as your coaching curriculum’s next topic is “focus on behavior, not person”, you get not only a relevant message beforehand, but a customized job aid to take with you (filled out with the individual’s last details and your particular area to work on), and a self-evaluation form afterward.

Which is not to say you don’t also have the opportunity to request particular information beforehand, so there might be a custom ‘pull’ portal available to you with things you’re likely to need (in addition to the general search tools you already have).   A smart system might recognize that it’s been too long since some knowledge has been applied, and choose to send you some challenge to keep the knowledge active, at least until it’s part of your internalized repertoire.

Why is this of interest?   It’s about developing people over time, in the ways they want (an individual should could choose their goals, though there could be ones also negotiated with an employer).   It’s about taking advantage of your life’s occurences, not removing oneself from it to learn.   It’s being contextualized sensitive to not only where you are, but ‘when’ you are.   It’s about being opportunistic, effective, and efficient, rather than intrusive, effortful, and minimally effective.   Which is not to say that there might not be more concerted chunks, particularly at the beginning, or at major inflection points, but it’s the optimal blend – an information model, not an industrial model.

We’ve got the capability (Clarke’s “any truly advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic”), but we need the will and the resources.   Anyone game?

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