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Clark Quinn’s Learnings about Learning

‘Novel’ learning about reading

9 October 2008 by Clark Leave a Comment

I like to read.   These days, I confess I seldom find time to read a full non-fiction book, but try to find the ‘readers digest’ condensed version on the web.   Time/money.   But I do still read novels, as enjoyment.   However, I’m reading differently than I used to.

As a Father’s Day present, my family took me to a used book store to load up on fun novels. I picked up a couple from recommended series of books, and two of them really were a revelation.   One was written in a very ‘street’ language, and very elliptical, and I had to work hard to understand (it also sort of presumed previous experience with the series). The other was a recent book from a familiar series, but was in the first person present, and also was hard work to read, requiring cognitive ‘leaps’ to make sense.   The revelation was that both books kept me to the end, not that I’d choose to have those experiences again.   It taught me a lot about how far we might be able to stretch our audience to stay engaged.   That is, if we’ve set up a compelling story line, or have other ways of ensuring motivation.

Another lesson comes from another series, where the protagonist’s reflections on society are revelatory to me.   It’s fiction, but the description of what the character sees resonates with what I see my partners doing in successful conversations with clients, and I’m always looking to learn to be better at what I do.

From the game design point of view, these are important reasons to read different genres of books (ok, so I’m lax on reading bodice rippers, I have to have some limits), but my learning here is that reading different author’s styles (and their stylistic explorations) give you two things: an exposure to the breadth of what will work, and some insight into how other people can parse the world.

So, as I tell my workshop attendees: “you have a tough assignment ahead of you, you’ve got to spend more time exploring the breadth and depth of entertainment to add to the repertoire of solutions you can bring”.   And there’s something to be said about a hot tub, a cold beer, and a good book…

Cyberlearning (ahem)

8 October 2008 by Clark 4 Comments

A high-powered panel assembled by the NSF has reported on The Cyberlearning Opportunity and Challenge.   With people like Christine Borgman (Chair), Ken Koedinger, Marcia Linn, and Roy Pea (to name just the ones I’ve met), you’d expect some pretty clear thinking.   (So where did they get the term ‘cyberlearning’?   Yuck!)

Defining cyberlearning as “the use of networked computing and communications technologies to support learning”, they’re obviously onto the right stuff.   I couldn’t agree more about the potential for these technologies to transform learning.   As I’ve mentioned before, the technology is no longer the barrier, it’s now our imagination and conviction.   And now that we can do anything we want, when we go back and look at most formal learning, we realize it’s based on an outdated model.

Without having read the full report, let alone reporting on it here, I did have some thoughts on their top-level recommendations, that I thought I’d recite:

1. Help build a vibrant cyberlearning field by promoting cross-disciplinary communites of cyberlearning researchers and practitioners

Regardless of label, working at this in an interdisciplinary way is absolutely the way to go.   The conceptual foundations for the categories/silos are crumbling, so too should the barriers.   I realize this is the NSF, but I hope that they’d also reach out to the Dept of Ed, corporations, NFPs, etc.   Maybe even independent consultants?   :)

2. Instill a “platform perspective” – shared interoperable designs of hardware, software, and services – into NSF’s cyberlearning activities

This is insightful.   Using their resources to facilitate, whether through grants or even requirements for projects, interoperability and (the other meaning of) web 2.0 ‘software as a service’ approach could pay off in a big way.   Society has a vested interest in an open playing field.

3. Emphasize the transformative power of information and communications technology for learning, from K to grey

I love the phrase “K to grey”; far better than ‘cradle to grave’, ‘womb to tomb’, or anything else I’ve heard.   And I like the emphasis on going beyond formal and institutional learning.   Make those skills part of the infrastructure!   I presume they mean those terms inclusively, that is it could start before K, (in some small ways only, not bashing kids onto computers, but allowing digital tech to be part of the environment), and continue after you’re grey (or I’m in big trouble!).

And it’s more.   They talk about interaction with visualizations and data, etc, but I want to also talk about bridging formal and informal, moving to an apprenticeship model with greater ways for people to interact around topics, and create communities.   They emphasize teachers, but I want to suggest that, increasingly, we’re all teachers, as well as learners.

4. Adopt programs and policies to promote open educational resources

This, to me, is really a revisitation of the ‘platform’ proposal as well.   Open API’s, open source, and open education.   We all stand to benefit, I reckon.   They’re talking about materials generated with NSF funds, but even materials used as part of NSF projects should err on the side of open materials.

5. Take responsibility for sustaining NSF-sponsored cyberlearning innovations

This last one seems like a ‘given’, but it’s really about saying that the output of NSF projects should have maintenance and extension beyond the project finish.   I like this; for NSF SBIR grants (I reviewed them a couple of times) you’re supposed to have a business plan; even pure research grants could have ‘put into action’ components in the proposal.

There are lots more specific recommendations, good ones, in the report.   It’s a bit biased towards formal education, but still is visionary.   This is a useful time to push initiatives like this, and I hope the report leads to the interdisciplinary efforts called for.

While I realize we’ve more pressing immediate concerns that might govern our near-term ‘man on the moon’ project, I still think a full K12 curriculum online would be a really cool project.   The only limits are now ‘between our ears’ as my friend Carl used to say.   If we can do anything, what will we do?

To politic or not to politic, that is the question

7 October 2008 by Clark Leave a Comment

I got turned on to Common Craft‘s videos a while ago, and they’re excellent.   I follow Lee LeFever on Twitter, and he tweeted about the question of addressing politics in his blog, and there’s quite an interesting response.

I’d wondered if I should discuss politics in my blog.   I’ve decided for the same reasons Lee cited that I wouldn’t, though some issues that do touch my work or I think could get more widely known may get mentioned (health care, electoral reform, etc).   Fortunately, Lee’s resounding feedback was that he was right (at least in comments, he said his emailed feedback was different), so I’ll stick to my policy.

Twitter tends to lure me into more personal exposure, I note (since it’s easier to toss off a twitter comment, it can be more spontaneous and coming from emotion as well as cognition.   Some of my colleagues are quite open on Twitter, and while I’ve tried to keep it mostly balanced, who knows?

I of course talk to my colleagues in person (likewise with you too), but the blog is a place for my professional learning reflections.   I may occasionally stray when I think it’s common sense (though of course common sense is noteworthy by how uncommon it is).

So, I’ll keep Learnlets professional, and save my personal comments for when we’re talking in person.   Fair enough?

What’s old is new again…

30 September 2008 by Clark Leave a Comment

When I was an undergraduate, I became excited about the connection between computers and learning.   My uni didn’t have a relevant degree back then, but I could design my own if I could get a faculty member to be my mentor.   I found Hugh Mehan and Jim Levin (very lucky on my part), and got to work on their experiment using email as an alternative to classroom discussion.   This was in 1978, and there was no internet, but we had the ARPAnet and off we went.

We found some interesting things, suchas that asynchronous responses were more thoughtful, compared to the IRE (inquire-response-evaluation) format of face to face.   And, messages could handle more than one topic at the same time. However, the overall dialog cycle took longer. Our results and some recommendations were published in 1983.

Imagine my surprise to hear an academic in an interview remark how he discovered that some folks who didn’t interact in the classroom, did find a voice in an online environment.   That was another of our findings, but only 20 years before this online learning expert got going.   I guess sometimes you can be too far ahead of the times…

That’s actually not to the academic’s discredit; it’s a reliable problem for interdisciplinary studies.   In HCI (interface design), you’d get someone from computer science opining about something new to them that was old hat in psychology, and vice versa.   Learning technology is the same way; bringing together techies, learning psychologists, and more, and it’s

I actually got quite a lot of mileage straddling the HCI and EdTech fields, as EdTech had lots to learn from some of the HCI work going on, such as iterative prototyping methods.   There was similarly valuable work going the other way, too, as I’d suggest that some of the more cutting edge psychological stuff (e.g. activity theory) was first explored by the ed community.

The problem is somewhat exacerbated by the different journals: there’s no one clearing house.   Back then we published in Instructional Science.   Now it might be BJET, or Education Technology, or ETRD.   The point being, it’s not easy to track what’s been done before.

So, what’s the point?   I reckon it’s to be eclectic and read broadly, look for inspiration everywhere you go, keep an open mind, go to lots of conferences (e.g. hope to see you at DevLearn) talk to lots of people, and actively looking for the application potential of new ideas.   At least it’s an exciting place to play!

Lack of skills

15 September 2008 by Clark 1 Comment

One of the pervasive myths is that the new ‘digital natives’ are computer fluent.   However, I’m working on a project to address digital literacy skills where the expert says experience shows that students are rather naive; they have some skills, but maybe not efficient and effective ones, and are missing others.   It’s anecdotal, but fortunately, we’re beginning to get evidence that this isn’t the case.

Michele Martin points us to this announcement from the UK that documents robust problems in youth use of computers.   The study shows that students are not using tools effectively, and also are not evaluating information appropriately. Which shouldn’t be a surprise.   They’re not getting well-structured instruction about it, and trusting to their own self-learning skills is known to not be effective, whether it’s the fact that pure exploratory environments don’t work (except for the small fraction of folks who are self-effective learners), or that people ineffectively self-evaluate.

As you might infer, this is true of individuals in the workplace as well, and Michele also points us to this (rather self-serving) piece by a company that trains on search skills, documenting the inefficiencies. Which makes the point that trusting to effective skills isn’t a fair expectation.

All of which, it occurs to me, makes the case yet again for the benefit of not just teaching work literacy skills, which I support, but also for learning to learn skills.   And the context of that, creating a learning culture.

Schooling Scandal

12 September 2008 by Clark 2 Comments

Ok, I’m outraged. No kids in our elementary school have qualified for GATE (Gifted & Talented), including my own.   That’s surprising, since we’ve some extremely smart kids.   There are several in each classroom who are selected for special recognition at the end of the year and everything.   The evaluation for GATE is the Otis-Lennon test, a reasonably well-regarded assessment of abstract thinking and reasoning ability.

So what do I find out?   That we’re not teaching the skills that are evaluated by this test!   We’re teaching a bunch of rote things, and not the skills that will be the differentiators in the coming years.   Thanks, NCLU   (No Child Left Untested).

Now, I realize that schools are hurting for money, and it’s a dire mess, politically and practically.   The responsibility goes right on up to the decision makers in DC.   So the school district is forced into playing funny games; apparently, the GATE money is going to teacher training, with the belief that this will help them inculcate these skills in the children.   However, that’s not working.

I don’t know how close my son came (my daughter was only tested yesterday for the first time), as they oddly don’t let us know the results (except not/qualify).   However, teachers are not able to take the time for teaching these skills, and they ought to be. Yes, kids need to learn to read and write and do mathematical reasoning, but they’re only getting science since a group duns money from the parents to add it in, and they’re not getting the early exposure to the reasoning skills in a systematic way.

I’m afraid to think that the school district doesn’t want any kids to pass, because then they’d have to do things for them.   Our curriculum’s broken in serious ways, and our politicians aren’t making it better.   We need to be teaching reasoning skills and abstract problem-solving (even practice for these tests).   Now, I need an action plan.

Learning Styles, Brain-Based Learning, and Daniel Willingham

11 September 2008 by Clark 9 Comments

I’ve gone off on learning styles before because there’s a lot of fluff and not much substance.   I’d been pointed to Dan Willingham‘s video on brain based learning, and in pointing it to someone else, found his one on learning styles. He’s a cognitive psychologist (my background, btw), and is putting out the research-based views on these topics.

My point has been that the learning styles instruments are broken, though the idea makes sense in that it helps teachers/instructors be sensitized to individual learner differences.   And I’ve argued that you use the right medium for the message, not try to re-represent.   Dan goes into more detail, and points out that people do learn certain things better, but that meaning is the core, and that you match the presentation to the nature of the knowledge.   He argues that learning styles shouldn’t make a difference to what you do (if you already use appropriate design).   I love his conclusion:   “good teaching is good teaching, and teachers don’t need to adjust their teaching to individual learning styles”. Hear, hear (and not “see see” or “feel feel” :).

He also goes on about brain-based learning, and talks about how most of it (95%) doesn’t make sense.   His point is that one level of research doesn’t necessarily translate to another.   His claim is that much of this stuff isn’t really brain-based research, and then a lot of it is just wrong(!).   He gets quite specific about what’s wrong with a couple of popular examples, and points to people who are doing it well.   At the end, he says if someone’s claiming “there’s all this new information about the brain…will revolutionize teaching”, you should stay away.

Highly recommended, if you care about learning or education.

Money and trust

10 September 2008 by Clark 5 Comments

I found out another site was aggregating my, and other’s, blogs, indicating that they had the best folks in knowledge management.   Flattered as I was, I asked that my blog be taken off their roles.   Let me explain why.

First, I hadn’t been asked. I think it’s only fair to ask for the right to copy someone else’s work (I recall the time Jay and I found a white paper we’d jointly written being given away as an article in a university consortium’s newsletter!).   Let the author know why you’re doing it, and what the proposal is for them (publicity, cash, what have you).   Many would be happy to be included in a list, but I want to opt-in, not opt-out.   I wouldn’t even have found out if WordPress (my blog software) didn’t track references to the blog as comments.

I note that the indication of who the posts are from is hard to find.   There’s a link to the original, to be fair, but otherwise there’s no list of who’s included in this list.   Where’s the blogroll?   Who is aggregated there?

Another concern is that there’s no indication of *who* is behind this.   From an authenticity and trust factor, I like to know who’s behind a site.   I get mighty uncomfortable when I find site for organizations and there’s no human name to be found.   Why are they hiding it?   One of the criteria in being web-literate is knowing not only the authorial voice (who you’re listening to), but also editorial voice, that is, who’s doing the selecting, who “approved this message”.

However, worst of all was the advertising all around the page.   Google ads to the left and right, Amazon ads in the body!   So, if people go to that site, this (unknown) person’s making money.   And I don’t mind people making money, but they better add value.   That’s why I recently went through the trouble of getting a Creative Commons license for my site.   I want attribution, and I don’t want anyone making money off of my work (at least, if I’m not :).   I don’t have a thing against ads on blogs or sites, if they’re making a contribution, e.g. an aggregation, adding value by being selective, communicating who it is and why they should be trusted.

So I opted out.   I’m willing to be wrong, but frankly this didn’t strike me as a fair relationship.   And a lesson in work literacy.   So, am I too uptight?   Or was this a reasonable decision? (And fair warning to my fellow bloggers.)

New curricula?

9 September 2008 by Clark 2 Comments

I‘m working on a project that‘s creating a new and needed curriculum for a specific course and it got me thinking more broadly about what that might be in a broader sense.   I‘ve talked about the elements before, when I reacted to Stephen Downes‘ proposal.   But I tried to get more concrete about what might make a good undergraduate program that might be what I would want for my kids.

Now, back when I was teaching at UNSW, I had a role in forming a joint Computer Science/Psychology undergraduate program.   At the time (and it‘s not all that different now), technology was getting more capable, and the issues increasingly became how to design systems that meet real needs.   I believed then (and now) that an understanding of how people really think and learn, and how technology can be designed, would be a valuable combination.   The program (if I recall correctly) also covered a wee bit of how business worked.

I still think that model isn‘t far wrong.   Ok, it was pretty technical, teaching programming, and not sure I‘d focus on that instead of skills around designing technology capabilities (not implementing), and managing the process.   I‘d add a social component as well, but keeping cognition and technology.   I‘d elaborate the business side, and add some focus on about society and culture (and values; I haven‘t abandoned my concern with wisdom).

I think this might be the core of a general liberal arts program, so at one level this may be part of all degrees, but it certainly could be it‘s own unique focus with some depth in each of the areas. Cognition, sociology, technology design and management, etc.   And I like innovations like outcomes-based education, and service learning, but these aren’t mutually exclusive with the above.

Of course, right now my son wants to be an architect, but I‘ve no problem with that.   He‘ll need special skills, but still will need to know technology (can you say CAD?) and people (who occupies the buildings?).   He may change his focus (I was going to be in submarines at that age), but the core won‘t change.

Now, if only our schools had a focus on a reasonable curriculum (not ‘no child left untested‘), and were properly resourced so they could develop this for learners before they hit college (spiraling back around), and…

To-Learn Lists?

5 September 2008 by Clark 4 Comments

The Learning Circuit’s Blog Big Question of the Month is about To-Learn lists: whether they make sense, how to implement them, etc.   Interesting question.   On the face of it, it seems useful: identifying and focusing on explicit and specific learning goals.   In practice, do they make sense? Do they even exist?

i would suggest that they do exist, and that every time a manager and employee agree on a development plan, there’s at least an implicit To-Learn list.   Obviously, a competency path in an LMS is similarly a formal TL list. And we have an implicit one when we sign up for a course, whether online or face-to-face, buy a book on a topic, or access an online tutorial, FAQ, help page, etc.

I do think that being explicit about learning is valuable, hence my focus on meta-learning, and having clear goals is a way to make them happen.   On the other hand, I think many of our learning goals are small and immediate (like my desire to figure out how to fix the CSS on my website and this blog).   Would it make sense to capture them in the context and generalize them to be thought of at other times?   Probably, and consequently another way we could use our mobile tools to make us more effective (I regularly capture ToDos in my mobile devices, which is why the iPhone is still making me crazy!). And there have been times I’ve put things to look up into my ToDo (though these days I often just look them up in the moment).

So, I think they’re a great idea, maybe not separate from ToDos in general, but worth thinking of as a sub-category, and worth taking the effort to make explicit.   Little bits of learning over the long haul: slow learning!

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