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Clark Quinn’s Learnings about Learning

Interactive Information Design

9 January 2008 by Clark 1 Comment

I was reading my usual news, and saw an announcement for a new widget for my laptop. This one happens to be a tool for Bart schedules (we’re near a Bart station, and it makes it handy to go into San Francisco or to the airport), so I wanted to check it out. There was a link to the author’s philosophy of software design (really, interface design), and I’ve just spent too much time reading it, but it’s worth it.

He makes a reasonably plausible distinction between manipulation software, communication software, and information software (including learning), and focuses on the latter. The article then goes on to say that navigation to find what you want is the key, and minimizing it is critical (“interactivity is harmful”). He argues that the interaction design field has erred too much on interaction, not on meeting needs (though I’d argue that’s implementation, not the theory).

I am a sucker for articles talking about good design, particularly ones that use examples to make the point clear (he redesigns Amazon and Southwest Airlines, among others, with subtle wit), and can articulate the underlying principles (e.g. context sensitivity, one I argue is underused in mobile, but he has more general principles).

Ok, it’s long, and it does go off into some unnecessary side tracks from a ‘take home’ perspective, but there are some real gems. One I like is his contention that in general, you should present the user with a default answer that’s close to what the user would expect, and then make it intuitive to ‘critique’/modify the representation to get what you want, using the representational formalisms that have been created for this application.

IF you are responsible for designing the end-user experience, be it instructional, informational, or mobile implementations, it’s probably worth at least looking at the examples, and better yet skimming through.

Being more productive

8 January 2008 by Clark Leave a Comment

Clive Shepherd seconds Donald Clark’s call for Get Things Done. What struck me is this quote, so near and dear to my heart:

You may think lists are only for nerds, and maybe they are, but if you want a happier life, please do just this one thing: keep some recording device (paper and pen, flip chart, whiteboard, voice recorder, PDA, computer) with you at all times. When you have an idea or remember something you have to do, record it. Then relax and move on.

This is why I carry my Treo with me at all times, and why the iPhone still is not ready for primetime (though I expect it to change soon; the OS is ready, it just needs the firmware upgraded with the right capability). I used to carry the little black book that my uni gave me as a yearly calendar. However, I didn’t remember to check it. When I finally got a Palm Pilot, it changed my life, because it was there in my face, reminding me. I could set calendar events, but more importantly I could take and refer to notes, and I could set myself ToDos. These are keys to my productivity.

I have a saying that if I promise to do something, and it doesn’t get into my device, we never had the conversation. But when I do put it in there, it will happen. I’m much more effective with what I call my ‘external memory‘, leaving the device to remember arbitrary details and saving my brain for useful pattern matching, which is the right balance of tasks given the architecture of our brains and the capabilities of these devices.

This is the big argument, to me, for the benefits of mobile performance (including learning, but more focused on performance support and communication), a useful adjunct to our capabilities. As I’ve said elsewhere, it’s not about learning, it’s about doing, and from the problem’s point of view, the solver is more capable if it’s an augmented person, whether by technology or collaborator(s).

So, any device not only has to have the four elements Jeff Hawkins first identified: memos/notes, todos/tasks, contacts/address book, and calendar, but it has to sync it with my computer. Then it needs to have other things: phone, camera, email, web-browser. It makes me more effective, essentially smarter. Heck, sometimes it even makes me wiser! Are you using your devices optimally? Personally and professionally? Is your organization?

more mobile moves

1 December 2007 by Clark Leave a Comment

And the news just keeps on coming. Of the “well yeah” variety, ATT has announced that the next generation 3G-capable iPhone (which currently runs on the not-latest/fastest approach, EDGE) will come in ’08. Steve Jobs, Apple’s head honcho, promised late ’08, but the ATT announcement was without that qualifier (hope someone didn’t get in trouble for that :). Sooner is better here, with everyone making technology leaps every few months.

The more interesting news is that Verizon has announced that their next generation technology will be LTE (Long Term Evolution, a 4th generation of mobile phone technology). The reason this is interesting is that LTE is GSM, not CDMA. In case this is acronym soup to you, let me explain it practically. Currently in the US, there are two competing standards, CDMA (Sprint and Verizon to date) and GSM (ATT and T-Mobile). This is unlike most of the world, which runs on GSM. If Verizon moves to GSM, that will leave Sprint alone, which probably won’t be a good place to be.

They also used to not play well together, even on the same technology. With Verizon’s other recent announcement of opening their standards to allow phones they don’t control to play on their network, and Google’s announcement of their Open Handset Alliance and the Android standard, we’re really changing the market for mobile.

Despite the disadvantages that the US mobile market has had between the proprietary approaches, we’ve had cheap data. If we also get broad coverage, high speed networks, and an open playing field to supplement that opportunity, mobile could really take a quantum leap in capability and consequently in opportunity.

The US has a real chance here to become a mobile trend-setter instead of a laggard over the course of a few years, and the pressure will be on other countries to start freeing up data bandwidth as well. The winner should be the consumer. Of course, it will still take time to play out, and who knows what sorts of other barriers they’ll try to put in, but there’s reason for optimism, and for innovative ideas to have a better chance to come to fruition. Fingers crossed….

Mobile moves on…

29 November 2007 by Clark 2 Comments

Well, Brent Schenkler beat me to it, passing on the announcement that Verizon’s opening up their network (it’s hard to post from a plane, and I’ve been on a lot of planes this month). This seems a reaction to the Open Handset Alliance announced by Google earlier this month (in the middle of our Mobile Learning Symposium). Regardless, it’s a positive move, I reckon.

It reminds me on the Bart back from the airport late last nite that I assisted a gent trying to get to a particular station. Using my Bart schedule application on my Treo, I could tell him when the next train would arrive. And how I used Google Maps in New Jersey earlier this week to guide me from the airport to my hotel in my rented car. Just ways I use my device to make me smarter and more effective.

I use Opera’s mobile browser (very good, almost iPhone good) in addition to Maps and Bart, as well as a timer (4 minutes for tea, thank you). I probably use the built-in email (Versamail) more than the phone! I use Documents to Go to review Powerpoints I’ll be presenting, and occasionally to view a document I download. Unfortunately, PDFs don’t work (I’ve an older version) since they need special rendering. I’ve got an app (SplashID) to keep my data encrypted (web logins, etc), and one that lets me keep images (my diagrams, some work portfolio shots) to share with people when working.

Google’s coming up with a new beta called My Location that uses cell-phone triangulation to actually replace a GPS (though with less accuracy), but it doesn’t yet run on my Treo. Sigh. Hopefully soon.

What do you use on your mobile device to make you more effective?

Mobile mayday

13 November 2007 by Clark Leave a Comment

Exhausted from the day, we wanted to head back to the hotel to work and/or rest before dinner. They found an intepreter for us, and off we went in a cab. Sometime later, it appeared we didn’t know where we were going. Turns out it was a new taxi driver, and didn’t know the city well enough (!?!).

Lance (Dublin) mentioned something about having the address that made me remember I’d put it in the Memos of my Treo (I try to always put the address and phone number of a hotel I’m staying at in the Memos), and I pulled it up to show to our intepreter (who apologized, but she’s from Bogota, not Medellin) to show the driver, and started us back in the direction we’d come. The phone number came in handy as she called to double check that we were heading in the right direction.

The three of us (Lance, Eric Parks, and myself) were crammed in the back seat, and it was hot and uncomfortable. Given the heavy traffic (rush hour) and the, ahem, scenic tour, it took an hour to go three miles. Fortunately, it wasn’t any longer (Lance was ready to abandon ship at the next hotel and get a real cab!).

So, ok, maybe I’m a bit retentive, but on the other hand it sure came in handy. I also put the reservation code in the calendar for my hotels, rental cars, and airplanes, and my parking spot at the airport lot. I’ve heard of folks who take snapshots of their hotel room numbers to remember them. Just some of the ways I make myself more effective through the use of technology, mobile in this case. How about you?

Mobile Moves

6 November 2007 by Clark Leave a Comment

Yesterday, in our symposium on Mobile Learning (with Judy Brown and David Metcalf), Ellen Wagner was talking about how fast the landscape is changing. I was able to provide a timely example.

At the same time we were convening, Google was announcing their new mobile platform, Android. There’d been talk of the gPhone (Google’s mobile phone), but this was a totally different, and important, move. The elements are an operating system, middleware, and software development kit (SDK) that are being developed by the Open Handset Alliance. Note the key word is ‘open’. That is, anyone can build phones that meet the requirements and run the OS, or develop applications that will run on it.

This is a much bigger play than the iPhone in that it’s an open environment which can open up the currently very restricted US phone market. Apple managed to get great concessions from ATT, but there’re constraints on software development (their SKD will be announced in February, but it’s not clear how much control Apple will exert). Obviously, it’s still to be seen how well anyone will be able to emulate the innovative UI of Apple, which was game-changing as well, but the openness will present a very appealing environment, not just a platform.

This is a very volatile environment, but this is a real big change in the environment and it will be interesting to watch the waves that result. Time to go surfing…

Smartphone tryouts

5 November 2007 by Clark 1 Comment

I’m here at DevLearn (if you’re here, say hello!), helping run the Mobile Learning Symposium. I was reminded of the SmartPhone Round Robin, and Brent Schenkler asked me to post the link. Done.

What’s happening is that the various bloggers of the top SmartPhones (Treo, iPhone, Blackberry, and Windows Mobile), are making serious commitments to try out each of the other solutions for a week, and blog about their experiences. It’s quite enlightening to hear the admissions, but also just what’s important to different people and therefore what capabilities end up mattering.

I’ve always found it illuminating to listen to other folks talk about how they use their mobile devices to make them more efficient and effective, and this is a great opportunity to eavesdrop. How do you make yourself more effective?

The Zen of Mobile Design

24 October 2007 by Clark 1 Comment

Yesterday I railed against the limitations of the US mobile phone market. One of my pleasures has been using the Treo, which has a very open software market (I still haven’t switched to the iPhone, despite incredible longing, since it’s not ready for biz yet. Sprint, my current carrier, is working hard to drive me away, however, so it won’t be long.) This article explains why the Treo has been such a satisfying platform (except for the creakiness of the OS), documenting the design principles behind the Palm environment and how to design applications for limited devices. I found it through a history of Palm, starting with Jeff Hawkins way way back with the Zoomer. The principles are useful for mobile in general.

And these principles are really good, including the sweet spot (and how to extend it), using the Pareto principle (the 80/20 rule) to hit the 80% of the capabilities people need. Another great way to think differently: the inverse relationship between PCs and mobile devices – short interactions frequently versus fewer longer usages.

There’re some really cute zen riddles (which they answer) that help you think differently, too. For example: how do you fit a mountain in a teacup? (Mine the diamonds; do you really want the rocks and dirt?) With such a sound basis for those first four apps: Memos, ToDos, Calendar, and Address Book, how could Apple miss two of them?

Overall, a nice exercise in thinking mobile design and worth a look. I’ll likely have to incorporate some of this into my mobile presentations, e.g. as part of the mobile learning pre-conference symposium at DevLearn, in Colombia at eLearning 07, and possibly TechKnowledge.

Mobile Madness…

23 October 2007 by Clark Leave a Comment

Walt Mossberg has concisely and elegantly laid out the problems affecting the mobile phone industry in the US (where I’m located). He talks about our carriers and how they have the ability to dictate what phones we can use with their services, and even the software that we can use.

It’s not that way elsewhere.   Anyone can buy a GSM phone in Europe and then choose a carrier. In Australia when I visited a couple of years ago, my friends loaned me one of their old phones, and I went a bought a SIM card (the hardware you change to run with one carrier versus another) with a fixed amount of minutes that let me call for the 2 weeks we were there. I brought my Treo, but only to use as a PDA, since it was a CDMA not a GSM phone (we have two systems in this country that don’t play well together), and even if it’d been a GSM phone, the card probably would’ve been inaccessible.

Why is this important? Mobile learning will advance faster if there’s more interoperability, as investments will amortize farther. Moreover, many possibilities will not see the light of day due to the requirements of working with the carriers who’s short term profits demand onerous fees to use their capabilities. Several of us had a new service to offer until we realized what it would cost to try to make it work with the carriers. Or, as Walt puts it:

“It severely limits consumer choice, stifles innovation, crushes entrepreneurship, and has made the U.S. the laughingstock of the mobile-technology world…”

Oof!   I’ve seen similar problems elsewhere: the cost of data in Taiwan, for instance, keeps them from really taking advantage of their concentrated population and opening up new commerce areas. There are amazing things happening in places where there is an open field, and even amazing things happening despite these barriers. I just wonder what could be done without these self-defeating approaches…

Performance

21 September 2007 by Clark 7 Comments

Yesterday I was delighted to have lunch with Jay Cross, elearning guru, author, bon vivant, mentor, friend, (and now drummer). We’re almost neighbors (15 mi) and share passions for learning (and the meta-version), the capabilities technology can provide (not the technology itself), good food and drink. We’ve shared many adventures. I was helping him pick a new computer (a Mac), and of course having good conversation. Jay in WC

One of the things to talk about was performance support, as he’s writing an elegant update on the history and importance of this approach. It triggered many thoughts, not the least because performance support is the real focus of my mobile design piece I did for the recent eLearning Guild mobile research report.

It occurred to me that the new technologies make performance support even more effective. Semantic tagging, combined with user models, for instance, gives us opportunities to customize our support. As I’ve said before, mobile’s been a tale of convenience, making information available when needed, even if it’s a small screen, or over a small speaker, but the real opportunity still awaits: context sensitivity. We can track more than location, we can take a meeting, wrap support around it, and turn it into a learning event. Wrapping performance support around our lives, improving us as it improves our performance, is a true quantum shift in developing human capability.

Of course, we can also take performance support and meta- it, too! Our devices can not only support our performance on task, but support our performance on learning from the performance. It sounds a bit recursive, but I think that helping people become effective self-learners is a second great opportunity.

In Jay’s excellent book Informal Learning, he makes the point that “Dialogue is the most powerful learning technology on earth”, and it’s certainly true that when I get together with great thinkers, my own thinking gets sparked. I’m not a ‘big group’ person, but I love small conversations, and try to get together with folks and share conversation and comestibles. Let’s do lunch!

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