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Thinking about motivation

18 November 2025 by Clark Leave a Comment

So, I haven’t been a big Self-Determination Theory (SDT) person, simply because I hadn’t really known about it. I learned about it enough to mention in my most recent tome (highlighting the importance of motivation in learning), but that’s about it. However, it’s been popping up more and more (not least with the Motivation Summit the LDA’s putting on; the live sessions will be past, but you can still register to watch the presentations and recordings thereof). And, I am increasingly thinking that there’s some real ‘there’ there, so here’s some thinking about motivation.

SDT posits, quite simply, that there are three consistent elements that contribute to motivation. They are:

  • Competence: the ability to do something, maybe with support, but also development to get better
  • Relatedness: other people who are there believing similarly and supporting you
  • Autonomy: the ability to be who you are

(These are my definitions, by the way, not the official ones, which are no doubt better.) Importantly, they’ve been verified by research across cultures, age ranges, and every other demographic difference. It’s pretty much a human universal. Also importantly, they have practical implications for how you do things.

Quite simply, motivation plays a role in pretty much everything we do! Our motivations include exercising, eating, and sleep; work tasks and job environment; and for us, intent to learn. It’s that latter I was tapping into for designing games, lo those many decades ago. I didn’t at the time know about the SDT framework (in fact, it hadn’t really emerged yet ;), but I was tapping into the elements when I was talking about goals, appropriate challenge, relevance, and more. So when I write about the education/engagement alignment, SDT is a higher-level framework. Simple alignment would have challenge = competence, goals = autonomy, relevance = relatedness. Social learning, too.

Increasingly, as ‘leadership’ becomes a topic, it plays a role as well. I’ve been interested in culture and social for many years as a function for L&D. Leadership is how you create a culture, by how you are socially. How well do you support those elements? I’m not a leadership expert, but I’m increasingly seeing those factors, crossed by types of situations being faced. For instance, in a crisis you have to make a decision, which reduces autonomy for others, but then you should rebuild it. Importantly, I’m finding out that efforts are yielding valuable outcomes, which alone is a reason to pay attention!

So, I’m looking more into it, as an aspect of making a good environment, organizationally and societally. If we’re thinking about motivation, we can start being wise about it. That is, not just for me, and you, but for others. Not just short term, but also long-term. And, explicitly considering our values. Which may be the most important part of it! I think the values that empirically lead to the best for all is a good basis. What say you?

Creativity and rigor

30 September 2025 by Clark Leave a Comment

As I’m wont to do, I was thinking in the middle of the night. About creativity, in this case.  Specifically, that I have repeatedly demonstrated the ability to integrate creativity and learning science. And, I tend to forget about it. (Which means you may, too!) Of course, I push the rigor of the cognitive and learning sciences, and advocate for the integration of emotion. However, it’s been decades since I’ve really emphasized my portfolio of work on games and engagement. Maybe since my first book on engagement? So, maybe it’s time to talk about creativity and rigor.

To be clear, I believe it’s important to get both learning and engagement right. Sure, pure computer games are fun (heck, I play them!). And, many have stories that are actually relevant, too. But serious games, ones that actually achieve an outcome, require integrating learning science with engagement. Which isn’t necessarily easy! But, it’s something I’ve reliably done, and I don’t want to forget it!

So, fresh out of college, my first real job was designing and programming educational computer games. (This was for Jim Schuyler at DesignWare.) I created Micro Discovery, a set of games based upon the Computer Discovery series but with my own little set. I then went on to FaceMaker for Spinnaker, before coding Spellicopter and Creature Creator for ourselves. (All before I headed off to grad school.) They weren’t great, as we only had 48K and were targeting the home market, but they were notable. Both FaceMaker and Creature Creator had graphic designers who assisted my lack of visual design capability!

From my graduate work on analogical reasoning, during my post-doc I built a game that required using the stories to solve problems, with a coherent theme. I even published a paper about Voodoo Adventure!  This was all on my own, and the graphics weren’t great, but they were ‘good enough’. Hey, two kids at an open house played it all the way through and won (many others tried it out and gave up, to be fair).

At my first teaching position post-grad, I was asked to build a game that helps kids survive on the streets. Quest achieved many things: it achieved the goal of engaging the audience and driving them to important conversations with their counselors; it made it onto the local science program; it sparked a journal article that’s led to my subsequent books, Engaging Learning and then Make It Meaningful; and it’s still arguably the most rewarding professional thing I’ve ever done. It was assisted first by a talented student in programming, and then by graphic talents who addressed the look and feel.

I went on to build first a linear scenario and then a full game on project management (for non-project managers) for a major government organization. This was in conjunction with a team of graphic artists and a software engineer (a bit of that story is also here). I also led design of scenarios for psychiatric nursing. Then I went on and designed a demo game to go with textbooks.

Ok, so I also designed a course that used comics to start off each section, ran a web competition for school kids, did a compelling demo of how to do a good course on the cheap with Learnovators, created mobile games for a NASA test, and…have designed workshops on game design and more. I’m sure there’s more, but that’s off the top of my head. I have regularly combined creativity and rigor, it’s just hard to remember sometimes. And, if you can think of a useful way for me to continue, I welcome hearing!

Learning science on tap

11 September 2025 by Clark Leave a Comment

In the interest of the continuation of Quinnovation, Learnlets, and me, this is a solicitation post. If it’s not for you, kindly ignore. However, it may be for your boss; if so, please pass it on! 

Do you run an L&D department, or make L&D decisions, and don’t have sufficient learning science background? You know, you get asked to make decisions that involve learning – responding to vendors, stakeholders asking “why”, etc – and you’re not sure how to respond. That’s not uncommon! While you know how to select technologies, design solutions, create strategies, etc in other areas, you don’t necessarily know how to do that with an enlightened view of how we think, work, and learn. L&D is unique because it deals with learning – skills, social, informal, and more. And your school experience is not a good guide. How do you cope? Learning science on tap!

Let me offer this solution, specifically Clark Quinn, Ph.D., on tap. There are reasons why: I’ve been recognized for my depth of knowledge and breadth of experience in translating learning science into practical terms. That includes writing books, keynoting, awards, and, of course, consulting.  I’ve applied that background for literally decades in the design of solutions: games, mobile, strategy, processes, policies, and more. So, that’s available. For instance, you could send me something that needs a learning science perspective – an RFP, a memo, an organizational initiative, and I’ll break it down from a learning science perspective, and provide you with same. Or we can talk on a call. What’s more, as I’m wont to do, I’ll provide the underlying thinking. That is, you learn as you go, too! (Just how I roll.)

Of course, you don’t have to take my advice. You’ll have it, and can factor it into your thinking. And, I can adapt my thinking to specific constraints. I am known to come up with better ideas than had been proposed initially. But it’s up to you. I’ll give you my feedback, and you can do with it as you will. This service is for those that can’t come up with that advice on their own, and it’s an important perspective. What I’ll suggest as recommendations will be grounded in evidence-based approaches. I’ll research anything I need to know and don’t (no extra charge), so I learn too. But I have been involved in thinking at most levels and areas of an organization, in a multitude of roles. 

I won’t be an employee (nor want to become one). And, I’m not generating new things (that’s a different engagement, we can talk about it), but I’ll review and opine, to your needs. So, I won’t write an RFP or a whitepaper for you; I won’t design a learning experience; nor will I read an article and summarize it for you. Those’d be different engagements. But I’ll review an RFP or whitepaper (incoming or outgoing) for the necessary learning science. I will review the rules and practices around such a design.  If someone sends you an article and asks your opinion, I’ll give you the perspective on that. In particular, I’ll help evaluate any claims that you’re faced with, again either coming from inside or outside.

In short, I’m your learning science advisor. Anything you need. Of course you’ll also get any other thoughts my experience provides: how to deal with issues or people, possible solutions, and more. Comes with the territory.

I also know to respect confidentiality. Heck, my IP has been used to train LLMs, and that doesn’t sit well with me. I will also likely want to write up any learning I attain. I can anonymize it or profile you, your choice. Obviously, I won’t share anything proprietary. And my advice is yours, and you can choose to acknowledge me or keep my participation out of it; I really don’t care. 

I’ve, over time, learned to be efficient. One of the benefits of knowing how our minds work is that I know what we’re not good at, and have developed practices to ensure that I don’t fall down on commitments. I have my own project management approach, which, coupled with my natural “just do it” inclination, means that you won’t be waiting weeks for a response. I’ll commit to 48 hours max on anything less than ebook length, and as folks who are using me in other ways (*cough* LDA and Elevator 9 *cough*) will tell you, I tend to do things in a matter of hours if it’s not too long. 

So, what would such an engagement entail? I’d like to keep it simple and fair. I reckon there’s anywhere from 3 to 10 such things a month. Some will be short, some will be longer. Some months more, some less. My initial ask is $1K per month, and an initial $500 retainer (just to make sure payment systems work, and that’ll cover a call to set the context). If you want to sign up for a year, it’s $10K (9999.99 if necessary to stay under a cutoff ;). Either of us can terminate at any time; in the case of a year purchase, I’ll prorate. What I do for you is yours, what I know and learn is mine. I’ll prod you weekly to remind you to take advantage, and you don’t have to. (Heck, you can always think of it as supporting your friendly neighborhood research translator!)

This may not be you, but if it is, think through the tradeoffs. No overhead – taxes, benefits, etc – the cost is the cost. What you get is yours and your department’s. It’s an investment in learning, for that matter, because you will have the opportunity to improve your understanding as we go. My goal in this (and every) engagement is to remove the need for me in the loop, and learning about learning isn’t just for those developing learning, it’s a good practice for everyone. It’s even a competitive advantage.

Oh, one other thing. I reckon, what with my other commitments, I can only take on 10 such relationships. So, first come, first served. Learning science on tap. Your move! You can reach out here.

We now return you to your regularly scheduled day, already in progress.

Small changes with big impact

8 April 2025 by Clark 4 Comments

In the reality stakes, I recognize that people aren’t likely to throw their whole approach out. Instead, they make the small changes with big impact. Then, of course, they should use success to leverage the opportunity to do more. You can bring in a full evaluation of everything you do by the latest fad, but those tend to be expensive and out of date by the time they’re done.  Wherever you are, there’s room for improvement. How do you get there? By understanding how we think, work, and learn.

So, one of the things I’ve done, repeatedly across clients, is look at what they’re doing (including outputs and process). I have tended to do this in a lightweight approach, because I know most folks are sensitive to costs, and want to get the biggest bang for the buck. I’ve done so for content, for design practices, for market opportunities, and more.

To do so means I go through materials, whether products, processes, or plans, to understand the experience and look for ways to improve it. Then, we prioritize those potential opportunities. I then bring my independent observations together for a discussion on what’s useful and necessary. Of course, we always find things that don’t meet those criteria. My concluding reports typically state the goals, the current context, the applicable principles, and recommendations. I’m also happy to work with folks to see how it works out and what tweaks may be of use. Which isn’t every engagement, but it’s not infrequent.

One of the robust outcomes, for what it’s worth, is that folks get insights they (and I) didn’t expect! That may be because I’ve been an interdisciplinary mongrel, with interests in many things, or possibly because the cognitive foundations provide a basis to address most anything. Regardless, I’ve found opportunities to improve in pretty much all situations. These are at every level from how to implement a field to collect information to an assessment of the viability of a go-to-market strategy.

In short, looking at things from the perspective of how our brains work provides insights into ways in which we’ve violated that alignment. Further, it’s a reliable phenomena that pretty much everything we do has opportunities to improve. Sure, not all such moves will be worth the effort, or may conflict with what folks have learned to live with. Still, there’s a pretty-much guaranteed to be valuable changes that can be made. At least, that’s been my experience, and my clients.

What I’m really doing is a cognitive/learning audit. Basically, it’s about going through the cognitive processing cycle repeatedly through an experience. That experience can be the learner’s, the designer’s, purchaser’s, or more. Usually, all of the above! However, what you want to do is to minimize the barriers, and maximize the value. What’re the users goals, what’s  perceived, what’s considered, what’s processed, and what happens next.

There are benefits to having been actively investigating our minds for a number of decades now. I know the principles, I know how to apply them, and I also work in the real world. Also, perhaps against my own self-interest, I look to find ways to do it as easily and inexpensively as possible. I know organizations have limitations. Still, pretty much everyone benefits when you look for small changes with big impact. How about you?

Uniqueness

17 December 2024 by Clark 2 Comments

In a conversation yesterday, we were talking about what works in presenting yourself (in this case, for a job). I mentioned that in the US you have to perhaps overpromise, whereas my experience in Oz (coloured, as it is, by its Brit origins ;), was that you underpromise. The latter worked well for me, because I believe I tend to err on the side of quiet; I don’t like boasts. I was suggesting, in this case, that you needed what made one unique to a particular situation. Thinking further, I think I do value what is uniqueness. What do I mean?

So, to get a (proper?) Ph.D., you are expected make a unique contribution to understanding. Consider our knowledge as a giant ball, and what a thesis does is push out one tiny bump. The goal is something no one else has done. For instance, for my Ph.D., I broke analogy up into a different set of steps, and measured performance. My specification of steps was unique, but that wasn’t the contribution (in my mind, at least). What I also did was try training to improve those processes (four of the six, for reasons), and it did impact a couple, with good reasons not to have impacted the others. It wasn’t earth-shattering, by any means (I suspect no one cites my thesis!), but it was a contribution. (And, of course, it grounded me in the literature and practices.)

When I think of folks I respect, in many cases it’s because they have made a unique contribution. By the way, I suppose I should be clear: unique isn’t enough, it has to be a positive contribution (which can include ruling out things). It’s like innovation: not just an idea, but a good one!  So, for instance, Will Thalheimer’s been a proponent of evidence-informed practices, but his unique contribution is LTEM. So too with Patti Shank and multiple choice questions, Michael Allen with SAM, Harold Jarche with PKM, etc. I’m kind of thinking right now that Julie Dirksen’s new book is what’s really new!  I am inclined to think that new syntheses are also valuable.

For instance, my own books on myths and learning science are really syntheses, not new ideas. (Maybe my mobile books too?) Reflecting, I think that the three books that I wanted to publish, my first on games, my fourth on L&D strategy, and my most recent on engagement (channeling the core from the first book), are more unique contributions.  Though I will self-servingly and possibly wrongly suggest my way of thinking about contexts, models, and more are innovations. Like Allen’s CCAF (Context – Challenge – Activity – Feedback), perhaps.

Which isn’t to say syntheses that organize things into new and more comprehensible ways isn’t also a contribution. In addition to (immodestly) my afore-mentioned books in that category, I think of folks like Connie Malamed, Christy Tucker, Matthew Richter, Ruth Clark, Jane Bozarth, etc. These folks do a great job of taking received wisdom and collating and organizing it so as to be comprehensible. And I could be providing too short a shrift in some cases.

My stance is that I don’t see enough ‘uniqueness’. Original ideas are few and far between. Which may be expected, but we have to be careful. There are a lot more touted ideas than there are good ones. What really is different? What’s worth paying attention to? It’s not an easy question, and I may be too harsh. There is a role for providing different perspectives on existing things, to increase the likelihood that people hear of it. But those should be new perspectives. I’m not interested in hearing the same ideas from different folks. So, does this make sense, or am I being too harsh?

By the way, I suspect that there are more ideas than we actually hear about. I know people can be hesitant about sharing them for a variety of reasons. If you’ve got an idea, share it with someone! If they get excited, it may well be new and worthwhile. Take a chance, we may all benefit.

The enemy of the good

10 December 2024 by Clark Leave a Comment

We frequently hear that ‘perfection is the enemy of the good’. And that may well be true. However, I want to suggest that there’s another enemy that plagues us as learning experience designers. We may be trying to do good, but there are barriers. These are worthy of explicit discussion.

You also hear about the holy trinity of engineering: cheap, fast, or good; pick two. We have real world pressures that want us to do things efficiently. For instance, we have lots of claims that generative AI will allow us to generate more learning faster. Thus, we can do more with less. Which isn’t a bad thing…if what we produce is good enough. If we’re doing good, I’ll suggest, then we can worry about fast and cheap. But doing bad faster and cheaper isn’t a good thing! Which brings us to the second issue.

What is our definition of ‘good’? It appears that, too often, good is if people ‘like’ it. Which isn’t a bad thing, it’s even the first level in the Kirkpatrick-Katzell model: asking what people think of the experience. One small problem: the correlation between what people think of an experience, and it’s actual impact, is .09 (Salas, et al, 2012). That’s zero with a rounding error! What it means is that people’s evaluation of what they think of it, and the actual impact, isn’t correlated at all. It could be highly rated and not be effective, or highly rated and be effective. Etc. At core, you can’t tell by the rating.

What should be ‘good’? The general intent of a learning intervention (or any intervention, really) is to have an impact! If we’re providing learning, it should yield a new ability to ‘do’. There are a multitude of problems here. For one, we don’t evaluate performance, so how would we know if our intervention is having an impact? Have learners acquired new abilities that are persisting in the workplace and leading to the necessary organizational change? Who knows? For another, folks don’t have realistic expectations about what it takes to have an impact. We’ve devolved to a state where if we build it, it must be good. Which isn’t a sound basis for determining outcomes.

There is, of course, a perfectly good reason to evaluate people’s affective experience of the learning. If we’re designing experiences, having it be ‘hard fun’ means we’ve optimized the engagement. This is fine, but only after, we’ve established efficacy. If we’re not having a learning impact in terms of new abilities to perform, what people think about it isn’t of use.

Look, I’d prefer us to be in the situation where perfection to be the enemy of the good! That’d mean we’re actually doing good. Yet, in our industry, too often we don’t have any idea whether we are or not. We’re not measuring ‘good’, so we’re not designing for it. If we measured impact first, then experience, we could get overly focused on perfection. That’d be a good problem to have, I reckon. Right now, however, we’re only focused on fast and cheap. We won’t get ‘good’ until we insist upon it from and for ourselves. So, let’s shall we?

Top 10 Tools for Learning 2024

27 August 2024 by Clark 2 Comments

Once again, the inimitable Jane Hart is running her Top 10 Tools for Learning survey. The insights are valuable, not least because it points out how much of our learning comes from other than formal learning. So, here are my Top 10 Tools for Learning 2024, in no particular order:

Google Docs. I write, a lot. And, increasingly, I want others to weigh in. I am cranky that I have to choose a tool instead of just going to one place to collaborate,  and I struggle with the file structure of Drive, but the feature set within Docs is good enough to support collaborative writing. And collaborative work in general is something I strongly advocate for. Collective intelligence, as Nigel Paine refers to it. For myself, however, – articles, books –  I still use…

Microsoft Word. I’m not a big fan of the parent company (they have glommed on to the current plan for subscriptions, which makes financial sense but is a bad customer experience), and it’s not the writing tool that Scrivener is, but I’m so familiar with it (started using circa 1988) and the outlining is industrial strength (a feature I love and need). It’s the start of most of my writing.

Apple Freeform.  I still use Omnigraffle, but I’m keen to support free tools, and this one’s proprietary format isn’t any worse than any others. I could use Google Draw, I suppose, particularly when collaborating, but somehow folks don’t seem to collaborate as much around diagrams. Hmm…

WordPress. This is the tool I use to write these blog posts. It’s a way for me to organize my thinking. Yes, it’s writing too, but it’s for different types of writing (shorter, more ‘in the moment’ thoughts). While the comments here are fewer, they still do come. Announcements get auto-posted to LinkedIn, Mastodon, & Bluesky.

LinkedIn. This is where I get more comments than, these days, I do on my blog. Plus, we use it to write and talk about the Learning Development Accelerator and Elevator 9. I follow some folks, and connect with lots. It remains my primary business networking tool. Feel free to connect with me (if you’re in L&D strategy ;).

Mastodon & Bluesky. Yes, this counts as two, but I use them very similarly. Since the demise of Twitter (eX), I’ve looked for an alternative, and regularly stay with these two. They’re (slightly) different; Mastodon seems a bit more thoughtful, Bluesky is more dynamic, but they’re both ways to stay in touch with what people are thinking, largely outside the L&D space. Still haven’t found all my peeps there, but I’m Quinnovator (of course) on both.

News Apps/Sites. I’m also learning via news apps, again staying up with what’s happening in the larger world. So, I get Yahoo News because one email is there. Also, I check some sites regularly: ABC (Australia, not US), BBC, and Apple News (because it’s on my iPad). I’m counting this as one because otherwise it’d overwhelm my count.

Apple Mail. I subscribe to a few newsletters, mostly on learning science, and some blogs. They come in email (directly or via Feedblitz). This is all part of Harold Jarche’s Personal Knowledge Mastery elements of Seek – Sense – Share, and these are updated regularly but are part of the seek. Some of the writing I do is the sharing. Making sense is the above writing, diagramming, and…

Apple Keynote. Creating presentations for webinars, workshops, speaking engagements such as keynotes, and the like is another way I make sense of the world. So, having a good tool to create them is critical, and Keynote works more the way I think than PowerPoint does.

So that’s it, my 10. It may not work for Jane’s categorization (sorry!), but it captures the way I think about it. Please do share yours, too! (There are more ways than writing a post, so find the one that works for you.)

 

Emotions

30 July 2024 by Clark 2 Comments

Emotion matters. Yes, largely it’s a cultural construct, as Lisa Feldman Barrett tells us. Still, they can help or hinder learning. When designing games or creating meaningful learning, they matter. But they also affect us in our daily activities.

So, my previous post, on misinformation, is personal. I’ve frustration that family members are buying into some of it. I try to maintain a calm demeanor, but it’s challenging. Still, it’s a battle I’ve not yet given up on. Yet, I’m also not immune to the larger effects of emotion.

A curve showing low performance for low and high arousal, but a peak of performance in between.What we know, from the Yerkes-Dodson Curve, is that a little bit of arousal (read: emotion) can help, but too much can hurt. What isn’t clear from my conceptual rendering is what amount is the ‘right’ amount of arousal for optimal performance. I’ll suggest that for learning, it’s pretty low, as learning is stressful (another synonym for arousal). And I do suggest we manipulate emotions (which I admit is shorthand for motivation, anxiety, and confidence, which aren’t the regular definition) to successfully achieve learning outcomes.

However, even general functioning gets difficult when things are stressful. When I look at the design of casinos, for instance, (a way to cope with the too many times I have to go to Vegas for conferences), I note that they deliberately have low information, lights, no clocks, as an information-sparse environment. It is deliberate, so that you’re more focused on the enticements. They want you confused because you’re then more vulnerable to predations.

I fear that there’s a bit of this in our culture. For instance, fear sells: more alarmist headlines lead to more engagement. Which is good for the news business, but perhaps bad for us in several ways. For one, there’s a vested interest in focus on the alarming, not the bigger picture. Similarly, twisting stories to get emotional engagement isn’t unknown. That can be entertaining, but when it’s the information we depend on is manipulated, it’s problematic. Reducing support for education similarly reduces the intelligence people can apply to analysis.

I struggled to focus to find a topic this week, and I realize it’s because of the informational turmoil that’s currently in play. So, I thought I’d write about it (for better or worse ;).  Exaggeration of issues for the sake of clicks and sales, I’ll suggest isn’t a good thing. I’m willing to be wrong, but I worry that we’re over-excited. Our emotions are being played on, for purposes that are not completely benign. That’s a worry. That’s what’s worrying me, what about you?

Break it down!

2 July 2024 by Clark 2 Comments

jigsaw puzzle piecesIn our LDA Forum, someone posted a question asking about taking Cathy Moore’s Action Mapping for soft skills, like improving team dynamics. Now, they’re specifically asking about a) people with experience, and b) in the context of not-for-profits, so…I’m not a good candidate to respond. However, what it does raise is a more common problem: how do you train things that are more ephemeral. Like, for instance, leadership, or communication? My short answer is “break it down”. What do I mean? Here’re some thoughts, and I welcome feedback!

Many moons ago, I co-wrote a paper on evaluating social media impacts. There are the usual metrics, like ‘engagement’. That is, are people using the system? Of course, for companies charging for their platform, this could be as infrequent as a person accessing it once a month. More practically, however, it should be a person hitting it at least several times a week, or even several times a day! If you’re communicating, cooperating, and collaborating, you really should be interacting at a fair frequency.

I, on the other hand, argued for more detailed implications. If you’re putting it into a sales team, you should expect not only messages, but more success on sales, shorter sales cycles, etc. So you can get more detailed. These days, you can do even more, and have the system actually tag what the messages are about and count them. You can go deeper.

Which is what I think is the answer here. What skills do you want? For an innovation demo with Upside Learning, I argued we should break it down. That includes how to work out loud, and how to provide feedback, and how to run group meetings. (I’m just reading Alex Edman’s May Contain Lies, and it contains a lot of details about how to consider data and evidence.) We can look for more granular evidence. Even for skills like team dynamics, you should be looking at what makes good dynamics. So, things like making it safe yet accountable, providing feedback on behavior not on the person, valuing diversity, etc. There should be specific skills you want to develop, and assess. These, then, become the skills you design your learning to accomplish. You are, basically, creating a curriculum of the various skills that comprise the aggregated topic.

It may be that you assess a priori, and discover that only some are missing in your teams. That upfront analysis should happen regardless, but is too infrequent. The interlocutor here also mentioned the audience complaining about the time for analysis. Yep, that’s a problem. Reckon you have to sell the whole package: analyzing, designing, and evaluating for impact on performance, not just some improvement. Yet, compared to throwing money away? Seems like targeting intervention efforts should be a logical sell. If only we lived in a rational world, eh?

Still, overall, I think that these broad programs break down into specific skills that can be targeted and developed. And, we should. Let’s not get away with vague intentions, explanations, and consequently no outcomes. Let’s do the work, break it down, and develop actual skills. That, at least, is my take, I welcome hearing yours!

My Themes

28 May 2024 by Clark Leave a Comment

While there’s a high correspondence between my books and what I believe, it’s not one to one. While there’s overlap, there’s also unique (outsider?) perspectives. So as much for me as you, here’re my themes. It’s about applying what we know about cognition and learning. That also includes the emotional side. Moreover, we also need to apply it to the design process. That is, we, as designers, are applying, but also are subject to, what’s known about how we think, work, and learn. That’s led to a variety of things that are covered here.

It starts with a core focus on learning. Which starts with the core of cognition, the human information processing loop, but goes beyond. I think that core, by the way, is a critical thing that really everyone who designs for people (and that’s everyone) should know. (Made a video freely available to that end.) The phenomena that arise from and augment that architecture play a role here. It covers, by the way, material in two of my books: the learning science one and my myths one. It’s also the basis for my participation in the Serious eLearning Manifesto. It’s about us applying, correctly, what’s known about creating learning experiences that lead to real outcomes. I still think my focus on activity-based learning is an important way to think about creating experiences.

A complement to that is my focus on engagement in learning. Here I’m reflecting what’s been studied about making experiences engaging, across games, theatre and film, fiction, flow, and more. The first manifestation was in my book on designing serious games, but it’s morphed. My latest book is a complement to the learning science side and as a generalization of those early principles on games. I’ll be talking about this at LXDCon.

However, when we talk about performance, the picture broadens. (A topic I’ll be discussing for Upside Learning.) Marc Rosenberg talked about going beyond (e)learning, and Jay Cross wrote about informal learning. I like to think of an ecosystem approach to meeting the full suite of performance needs. This includes not just courses, but also performance support. However, it also goes further, talking about innovation as well. As I like to say, when you’re doing research, design, trouble-shooting, etc, you don’t know the answer when you begin, so it too is learning. I tried to capture this in my book on where L&D should go.

An older theme, about mobile, is in some sense no longer relevant. Mobile (for corporations and universities) has become ubiquitous and is part of the performance ecosystem. In fact, part of the recognition of the ecosystem perspective came from thinking about mobile with the recognition that it’s least about courses on a phone, and about so much more. The frameworks I created then – augmenting learning, performance support, social/informal, and context-specific – however, strike me as still worthwhile to consider. It’s really about the alignment of technology with our minds, which includes interface design and more.

Thus, implicit in the ecosystem perspective is technology. One thing we lag in is being smart about our systems. While web spinners have been using tagged content and rules, we typically still create experience hard coded in their delivery. We thus neglect content engineering, and similarly content management (e.g. the lifecycle). I was on this theme a number of years ago (content and context), but it’s sadly still relevant. I think the advent of generative AI may get folks to start thinking more about discrete content for adaptive delivery, but I’d still use a different approach to implement.

Again, it’s the application of how we think, work, and learn, to the design of solutions. In my case, for performance outcomes for individuals and organizations. Not sure what my next theme will be (or whether there’ll even be one, these are still all too relevant). I’m not sure this is comprehensive, so hopefully this first stab will give me time to think about it more!

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