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Clark Quinn’s Learnings about Learning

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What I’m up to

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Ok, so it’s been a wee bit too much about me (my books, themes), yet it occurs to me that I should document what I’m doing. (Which I’ve done before, but this is looking forward, too.) Not just for me (though it helps ;), but it’s because I realized my thinking other than books is actually getting spread out in various places. So, here’s what I’m up to…

Mostly, it’s centering around applying the cognitive and learning sciences to the design of solutions. In a variety of ways, of course. I’ve been working with Upside Learning, serving as their Chief Learning Strategist. They want to do more than pay lip service to learning science (which I laud). I’m working with them on evangelism, internal development, and more. I’m also working with Elevator 9, in this case as advisor. They’re a platform solution to complement live events, again doing so in alignment with our brains. I’m also serving as co-director of the Learning Development Accelerator. That’s a society focused on evidence-informed L&D, and we explore what this approach means in practice. In each, I’ve been advancing my own understanding, and sharing the learnings.

So, at LDA, you can find our podcasts, blog posts (some of which are free to air!), and some programs (some likewise). For members, we’re running some internal programs as well. I’ve been pleased to augment my previous program on You Oughta Know with this year’s YOK Practitioner, where I get to interview some really amazing people. Then there’s also the Think Like A…series, where we talk to representatives of adjacent fields we (should) be plagiarizing. Then there are workshops, and we’re always developing more things.

At Elevator 9, while most of the work is behind the scenes, I did author, and David Grad (the CEO) read and taped, a series of ‘liftologies’. These are short videos  talking about the learning science that goes into their offering. When they redo the website, they’ll be easy to find, but right now they’re visible through the E9 LinkedIn page posts.

Upside Learning, on the other hand, has been proactive. They do a podcast with the CEO, Amit Garg (yes, I’ve been on it). They have a blog (and I’ve written some for them). I’ve also done some quick videos on myths. In addition, I’ve written some of their ebooks (topics like impact, microlearning, scenarios). And, of course, some webinars as well. These continue.

All this in conjunction with continuing as Quinnovation! I continue with a few clients, on a limited basis. These, of course, are not public, though the thoughts can percolate out (e.g. in this blog). I’m still doing some events, mostly virtually. For instance, I’ll be talking about the alignment between effective education and engaging events at LXDCon on Tues the 11th (at 7AM PT ). I’ll also be at DevLearn and Learning 2024.

That’s all I can think of at the moment. There’s more in the offing, of course. But for now, that’s what I’m up to. This blog may be (more than) enough, but the other sites prompt different thinking. They’re worth knowing about on their own, too!  If you’re interested, these are places to either become evidence-based, apply it, or get it done. Obviously, it’s something I think is important for our industry. (As is knowing the human information processing loop, which I’ve made freely available.) Whatever you do, however you do it, please do avoid the myths and apply the science.

My Themes

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While there’s a high correspondence between my books and what I believe, it’s not one to one. While there’s overlap, there’s also unique (outsider?) perspectives. So as much for me as you, here’re my themes. It’s about applying what we know about cognition and learning. That also includes the emotional side. Moreover, we also need to apply it to the design process. That is, we, as designers, are applying, but also are subject to, what’s known about how we think, work, and learn. That’s led to a variety of things that are covered here.

It starts with a core focus on learning. Which starts with the core of cognition, the human information processing loop, but goes beyond. I think that core, by the way, is a critical thing that really everyone who designs for people (and that’s everyone) should know. (Made a video freely available to that end.) The phenomena that arise from and augment that architecture play a role here. It covers, by the way, material in two of my books: the learning science one and my myths one. It’s also the basis for my participation in the Serious eLearning Manifesto. It’s about us applying, correctly, what’s known about creating learning experiences that lead to real outcomes. I still think my focus on activity-based learning is an important way to think about creating experiences.

A complement to that is my focus on engagement in learning. Here I’m reflecting what’s been studied about making experiences engaging, across games, theatre and film, fiction, flow, and more. The first manifestation was in my book on designing serious games, but it’s morphed. My latest book is a complement to the learning science side and as a generalization of those early principles on games. I’ll be talking about this at LXDCon.

However, when we talk about performance, the picture broadens. (A topic I’ll be discussing for Upside Learning.) Marc Rosenberg talked about going beyond (e)learning, and Jay Cross wrote about informal learning. I like to think of an ecosystem approach to meeting the full suite of performance needs. This includes not just courses, but also performance support. However, it also goes further, talking about innovation as well. As I like to say, when you’re doing research, design, trouble-shooting, etc, you don’t know the answer when you begin, so it too is learning. I tried to capture this in my book on where L&D should go.

An older theme, about mobile, is in some sense no longer relevant. Mobile (for corporations and universities) has become ubiquitous and is part of the performance ecosystem. In fact, part of the recognition of the ecosystem perspective came from thinking about mobile with the recognition that it’s least about courses on a phone, and about so much more. The frameworks I created then – augmenting learning, performance support, social/informal, and context-specific – however, strike me as still worthwhile to consider. It’s really about the alignment of technology with our minds, which includes interface design and more.

Thus, implicit in the ecosystem perspective is technology. One thing we lag in is being smart about our systems. While web spinners have been using tagged content and rules, we typically still create experience hard coded in their delivery. We thus neglect content engineering, and similarly content management (e.g. the lifecycle). I was on this theme a number of years ago (content and context), but it’s sadly still relevant. I think the advent of generative AI may get folks to start thinking more about discrete content for adaptive delivery, but I’d still use a different approach to implement.

Again, it’s the application of how we think, work, and learn, to the design of solutions. In my case, for performance outcomes for individuals and organizations. Not sure what my next theme will be (or whether there’ll even be one, these are still all too relevant). I’m not sure this is comprehensive, so hopefully this first stab will give me time to think about it more!

About my books

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My booksSo, I’ve written about writing books, what makes a good book, and updated on mine (now a bit out of date). I thought it was maybe time to lay out their gestation and raison d’être. (I was also interviewed for a podcast, vidcast really, recently on the four newest, which brought back memories.) So here’re some brief thoughts on my books.

My first book, Engaging Learning came from the fact that a) I’d designed and developed a lot of learning games, and b) had been an academic and reflected and written on the principles and process. Thus, it made sense to write it. Plus, a) I was an independent and it seemed like a good idea, and b) the publisher wanted one (the time was right). In it, I laid out some principles for learning, engagement, and the intersection. Then I laid out a systematic process, and closed with some thoughts on the future. Like all my books, I tried to focus on the cognitive principles and not the technology (which was then and continues to change rapidly). It went out of print, but I got the rights back and have rereleased it (with a new cover) for cheap on Amazon.

I wanted to write what became my fourth book as the next screed. However, my publisher wanted a book on mobile (market timing). Basically, they said I could do the next one if I did this first. I had been involved in mlearning courtesy of Judy Brown and David Metcalfe, but I thought they should write it. Judy declined, and David reminded me that he had written one. Still I and my publisher thought there was room for a different perspective, and I wrote Designing mLearning. I recognized that the way we use mobile doesn’t mesh well with ‘courses on a phone’, and instead framed several categories of how we could use them. I reckon those categories are still relevant as ways to think about technology!  Again, republished by me.

Before I could get to the next book, I was asked by one of their other brands if I could write a mobile book for higher education. The original promise was that it’d be just a rewrite of the previous, and we allocated a month. Hah! I did deliver a manuscript, but asked them not to publish it. We agreed to try again, and The Mobile Academy was the result. It looks at different ways mobile can augment university actions, with supporting the classroom as only one facet. This too was out of print but I’ve republished.

Finally, I could write the book I thought the industry needed, Revolutionize Learning & Development. Inspired by Marc Rosenberg’s Beyond eLearning and Jay Cross’s Informal Learning, this book synthesizes a performance and technology-enabled push for an ecosystem perspective. It may have been ahead of its time, but it’s still in print. More importantly, I believe it’s still relevant and even more pressing! Other books have complemented the message, but I still think it’s worth a read. Ok, so I’m biased, but I still hear good feedback ;). My editor suggested ATD as a co-publisher, and I was impressed with their work on marketing (long story).

Based upon the successes of those books (I like to believe), and an obvious need in our field, ATD asked for a book on the myths that plague our industry. Here I thought Will Thalheimer, having started the Debunkers Club, would be a better choice. He, however, declined, thinking it probably wasn’t a good business decision (which is likely true; not much call for keynotes or consulting on myths). So, I researched and wrote Millennials, Goldfish & Other Training Misconceptions. In it, I talked about 16 myths (disproved beliefs), 5 superstitions (things folks won’t admit to but emerge anyways) and 16 misconceptions (love/hate things). For each, I tried to lay out the appeal and the reality. I suggest what to do instead, for the bad practices. For the misconceptions, I try to identify when they make sense.  In all cases I didn’t put down exhaustive references, but instead the most indicative. ATD did a great job with the book design, having an artist take my intro comic ideas for each and illustrating them, and making a memorable cover. (They even submitted it to a design competition, where it came close to winning!)

After the success of that tome, ATD came back and wanted a book on learning science. They’d previously asked me to edit the definitive tome, and while it was appealing, I didn’t want to herd cats. Despite their assurances, I declined. This, however, could be my own simple digest, so I agreed. Thus, Learning Science for Instructional Designers emerged. There are other books with different approaches that are good, but I do think I’ve managed to make salient the critical points from learning science that impact our designs. Frankly, I think it goes beyond instructional designers (really, parents, teachers, relatives, mentors and coaches, even yourself are designing instruction), but they convinced me to stick with the title.

Now, I view Learning Experience Design as the elegant integration of learning science with engagement. My learning science book, along with others, does a good job of laying out the first part. But I felt that, other than game design books (including mine!), there wasn’t enough on the engagement side. So, I wanted a complement to that last book (though it can augment others). I wrote Make It Meaningful as that complement. In it, I resurrected the framework from my first book, but use it to go across learning design. (Really, games are just good practice, but there are other elements). I also updated my thinking since then, talking about both the initial hook and maintaining engagement through to the end. I present both principles and practical tips, and talk about the impact on your standard learning elements. In an addition I think is important, I also talk about how to take your usual design process, and incorporate the necessary steps to create experiences, not just instruction. I do want you to create transformational experiences!

So, that’s where I’m at. You can see my recommended readings here (which likely needs an update.) Some times people ask “what’s your next book”, and my true answer at this point is “I don’t know.”  Suggestions? Something that I’m qualified to write about, that there’s not already enough out about, and it’s a pressing need? I welcome your thoughts!

The past year

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I note that this is my last post for the year, so I thought I’d summarize a few things. For one, so you can look for anything you’re interested in. Also, so I can recall what I’ve been up to!  So here’s a brief summary of the past year.

Quinnovation

So I’ve been Quinnovation for the past couple of decades, give or take a year. Which has been my vehicle for consulting. I’ve continued to service clients, on a limited basis (owing to some other commitments, see below); I’ve had several ongoing engagements, some that were new this year, at least one which has continued on from previous years.

I don’t mention the organizations and what I’m doing for them, specifically, because that would violate confidentiality (something I care deeply about; my academic background continues to influence my thoughts on integrity). Yet, the topics that emerge can end up fueling blog posts, webinars, conference presentations, and more. While the solutions I provide are specific to their situations, the reflections and revelations are shareable (suitably anonymized).

For the record, I also had a variety of interviews for podcasts and webinars. They’re scattered hither and yon, and also talking about a variety of topics. I can’t even remember them all (mea culpa), but they all seemed to be of interest to the host and audience. More such coming in the new year.

Upside Learning

In the year before this one, I joined up with Upside Learning to serve as their Chief Learning Strategist. This has been a great opportunity to practice what I preach. I’m working with them internally to improve the learning science in their approach, and externally to evangelize and work with clients ready to take it to the next level. Their CEO, Amit Garg, is great to work with, as it’s clear he really cares about learning.

That evangelizing also requires me to be part of the marketing (hi, Isha!). The upside (heh) is getting to talk about important issues, while the downside is occasionally having to use terms like ‘microlearning‘ (though I reserve the right to be subversive about them).  I also am appearing at some events on their behalf. If you’re curious, there are a fair number of articles, ebooks, white papers, videos, and more to be found on their site that I’ve had a hand in. More to come. Check it out!

Learning Development Accelerator

Matt Richter and Will Thalheimer started the Accelerator after their Covid-catalyzed conference was successful. It’s a membership society about the evidence-base for Learning & Development.  I came in when Will took a job and couldn’t meet the demands. While Matt keeps the place running (even more so with the help of Esther), I get to have a hand in the topics we address. It’s small, so far, but the quality is very high (that is, the membership and the speakers for events ;).

The first year I had a series I called You Oughta Know, introducing people with models I thought members should know. This past year it’s been debates on topics (to unpack the underlying thinking). All of the past content is available to members, a growing library. I’ve also been part of the blog, with posts on informal learning (should I choose a new topic for this year?). You can access some of the events even if you’re not a member (typically for a fee), but the blog’s behind the firewall. There are some articles outside the paywall, however. This coming year, we’ll likely keep the debates, and continue to have events. We’ve (read: Matt) also resurrected the podcast, which is free to air. There’ll be more announcements, too.

I’m planning two new series for the coming year. One is YOK: Practitioners. This time it’s people you oughta know because of what they’re doing (people I admire, though I won’t be able to get them all)!  Another that I’m excited about is Think Like A…! This is a series about the related fields we draw upon. As a field, we’re (rightfully) quite acquisitive: we took agile from software engineering, design thinking from UX, etc. We really should be understanding what it means to think like a practitioner in certain fields, to see what we can and should adopt. I’ve already got some people for these endeavors lined up (bwaahaha!). Consider joining if this sounds like something you’d be interested in.

Elevator 9

A last formal role (I have some informal ones too) is as the science advisor to Elevator 9. This is a company founded on the idea of spacing learning out (a worthwhile endeavor). The founder took my learning science class and then asked me to assist. They’re still getting going, though already with clients, but have made some new moves to kick in next year.

In addition to advising them on design behind the scenes, I’ve scripted, and the CEO David Grad has recorded, a series of short videos about learning. While I’ve suggested that they host them on the Elevator 9 site, that hasn’t happened yet (running on the smell of the proverbial oily rag). I think the best way to find them is to search LinkedIn for “Liftology” and then look at all the ‘post’ results. Hopefully, we’ll make that easier early next year (hint hint, nudge nudge).

And that’s more than enough, I reckon. That’s some of what I’ve been up to in the past year. What’s coming? Well, I’ve given away some of it. There’ll be more from all of the above, of course. Stay tuned! I hope you’ve had a great year, and that the next is your best yet. Happy Holidays!

 

Valuing Diversity

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My lass has us engaging us in an activity. Being in it has sparked a recognition that’s not new, but continues to be important, particularly in the global context! I frequently talk about how diversity is important in getting the best ideas. Moreover, it’s not just ‘tolerating’ it, but valuing diversity. Why?

So the activity is choosing music that matches a theme. Everyone (in this case m’lady, and two offspring), submits four songs to a theme, and then when all are in, you vote. Not on yours, of course! For us, it’s not about who ‘wins’ so much as it’s about exposure to different music.

When we’re evaluating them is when I get a particular reaction. I typically realize “Oh, that reminds me of this other song, and I wish I’d thought of it as a candidate.”  What’s happening is that being exposed to other ideas expands my own thinking. Which is, after all, one of the things that helps us find solutions. Finding more solutions is a step on the path to finding good solutions!

Globally, I’ve heard of a country that is cracking down on diversity, trying to get everyone to adhere to the same world view. This includes diverse languages. Now, to be a country, I agree that there have to be some shared values. However, for the best opportunity for a country to succeed, tapping into the diversity of thoughts provides a greater likelihood of finding the best approaches. You risk stifling innovation to achieve stability, and that’s not a necessary tradeoff.

Diversity can be challenging. It means being able to accept other views, making it safe, and negotiating a shared understanding. On the flip side, that negotiated understanding is likely to be richer than what existed before. In the long term, that challenge leads to better outcomes.  Further, we can work together, when we follow what’s known.

So, if you want to get the best from your unit, whether business, organization, or society, you want to find ways to build diversity. And, then, find ways to use it, productively. We need more than acceptance, or tolerance. We need to be valuing diversity, and when we do, we do better.

The Pivotal Point

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We (the Learning Development Accelerator) just released Guy Wallace’s latest tome, The L&D Pivot Point. Then, we had an interview with him to explain what it’s about. Despite having a ring-side seat (I served as editor, caveat emptor), it was eye-opening to hear him talk about what it’s about! It really is about the pivotal point in L&D, when you move from just offering courses to looking at performance. It’s such an important point that it’s worth reiterating.

So, the official blurb for the book talks about his tried and tested processes. In the interview, he talks about how he’s synthesized the work of the leaders of the performance improvement movement, people like Joe Harless, Geary Rummler, Thomas Gilbert, Robert Mager, Thiagi, and more. While the models they used differed, Guy’s created a synthesis that makes sense, and more importantly, works. He talked about how he refined his work to balance effectiveness with efficiency. Moreover, his approach avoids any redundant work.

Interestingly, he also recounted how his approach achieved buy-in from the stakeholders to the extent that he had to fight to not keep them all on the team through all the stages! That’s a great outcome, and it comes from demonstrating value. He focuses on where performance needs are critical, and thus it has a natural interest, but too many of the approaches can stifle that interest. Instead, his intent focus on meaningful outcomes truly engages everyone from the performers to the executives.

Guy also is quite open about the problems facing our industry. Despite the necessity of starting as order takers (essentially, “you can’t say ‘no'”), he estimates that only 20% of the time is the problem a learning or skills problem. Which resonates with other data I’ve seen about the value of training interventions! Instead, there can be many drivers for problems in performance.  His approach includes detailed analyses that identify the root cause of the problem, and when to determine that it’s worth trying an intervention. He’s quite open about how that can lead to a shift in intervention focus. At other times, it might lead to a hiatus while problems get attention.

One other thing I found interesting in the interview was how he talked about potential barriers to success up front. While it might seem like a deterrent, he pointed out how it led to making sense later. That is, folks would soon see that, for instance, supervisor support was critical to success. He includes a rigorous analysis of potential barriers as part of the book.

Quite simply, L&D has a problem of going from go-to-whoa without considering whether a course is the right solution. Guy’s book is a way to avoid doing that, and systematically evaluating what the pivotal point should be for determining whether we can successfully intervene or not, and how. There’s much more: how to manage the process, deal with stakeholders, and test your assumptions. It’s in his own inimitable style (lessons learned on editing ;), but there’s deep wisdom there. That’s my take, at least, I welcome yours.

DnD n LnD

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multi-sided diceLast Friday, I joined in on a Dungeons & Dragons (DnD) campaign. This wasn’t just gratuitous fun, however, but was explicitly run to connect to Learning & Development folks (LnD). Organized by the Training, Learning, and Development Community (a competitor to LDA? I have bias. ;), there was both some preliminary guidance, and outcomes. I was privileged to play a role, and while not an official part of the followup (happening this week), I thought I’d share my reflections.

So, first, my DnD history. I played a few times while in college, but… I gave it up when a favorite character of mine was killed by an evil trap (that was really too advanced for our party). I’ve played a lot of RPGs since then, with a lot of similarities to the formal DnD games (tho’ the actual ones are too complex). Recently, with guidance from offspring two, our family is getting back into it (with a prompt from a Shakespeare and DnD skit at the local Renaissance Faire).

Then, I’ve been into games for learning since my first job out of college, programming educational computer games. It also became the catalyst for my ongoing exploration of engagement to accompany my interest in cognition/learning, design, and technology. The intersection of which is where I’ve pretty much stayed (in a variety of roles), since then! (And, led to my first book on how to do same.)

Also, about DnD. It’s a game where you create a character. There are lots of details. For one, your characteristics: strength, dexterity, wisdom, intelligence, and more. Those combine with lots of attributes (such race & role). Then, there’s lots of elaboration: backstory, equipment, and more. This can alter during the game, where your abilities also rise. This adds complexity to support ongoing engagement. (I heard one team has been going for over 40 years!)

Characters created by the players are then set loose in a campaign (a setting, precipitating story, and potential details). A Dungeon Master runs the game, Keegan Long-Wheeler in our case, writing it and managing the details. Outcomes happen probabilistically by rolling dice. Computers can play a role. For one, through apps that handle details like rolling the dice. Then folks create games that reflect pre-written campaigns.

One important thing, to me, is that the players organize and make decisions together. We were a group who didn’t necessarily know each other, and we were playing under time constraints. This meant we didn’t have the dialog and choices that might typically emerge in such playing. Yet, we managed a successful engagement in the hour+ we were playing. And had fun!

I was an early advocate of games for learning. To be clear, not the tarted up drill and kill we were mostly doing, but inspired by adventure games. John Carroll had written about this back in the day, I found out. However, I’d already seen adventure games having the potential to be a basis for learning. Adventure games naturally require exploring. In them, you’re putting clues together to choose actions to overcome obstacles. Which, really, is good learning practice! That is, making decisions in context in games is good practice for making decisions in performance situations. Okay, with the caveat that you should design the game so that decisions have a natural embed.

The complexity of DnD is a bit much, in my mind, for LnD, but…the design!  The underlying principles of designing campaigns bears some relation to designing learning experiences. I believe designing engaging learning may be harder than designing learning or games, but we do have good principles. I do believe learning can, and should, be ‘hard fun‘.  Heck, it’s the topic of my most recent tome! (I believe learning should be the elegant integration of learning science with engagement.)

This has been an opportunity to reflect a bit on the underlying structure of games, and what makes them work. That’s always a happy time for me. So, I’m curious what you see about the links between games and learning!

Beneath the surface

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I just finished up teaching my six week workshop on the missing LXD (where we unpack nuances), when I received a message from a colleague. In it, she recited how she’s being pushed on video length. It struck me that what was missing was a finer focus, and it drove me back to previous writings. What I replied is that people focusing on video length are missing the point. I think that it’s yet another case where you need to go beneath the surface level issues. Or, as I’ve said before, details matter!

I’ve railed, e.g. in my book on myths, that our attention span hasn’t dropped down to 8 seconds. And, despite a newer book based upon research that suggests our attention span has dropped to 47 seconds, I think there’s more to it. For instance, attention is (largely; re: the cocktail party effect) volitional. We may be conditioned to be more open to being disturbed; certainly there are more and more effective distractions! Yet I don’t think our attention span capability has shifted (e.g. we don’t evolve that fast), but perhaps our intents may have changed.

For instance, we still can surface from involvement in a movie/book/game and note “how’d it get so late?” So it’s a matter of what we want or intend to attend to. In cognitive science, we separate out conation, intent or motivation (see also Self Determination Theory), that is whether we are willing to expend effort towards something. We have to have a clear reason for someone’s attention, that they accept. Then, we have to maintain it.

There is research (PDF) that suggests that video attention flags after 6 minutes. However, that’s in a particular context, and it may not be general. Again, think about attending to a movie for more than an hour! I think it helps to have a clear intent, and then maintain a commitment to it. If you do, and the audience resonates, they will attend. There’re clear benefits to practicing asceticism, but as colleague JD Dillon once opined, videos should be as long as they need to be, not arbitrarily truncated.

In short, I think folks are focusing on the wrong issues. My point to my colleague was to focus first on the relevance and value of the video, not the length. That may suggest a trim, but it also may suggest more focus on the WIIFM, and maintaining motivation. In short, you’ve got to go beneath the surface and find the real issue. Nuances matter, and we can’t expect others to go into the depths we do, but they do have to let us do our jobs. Which means we have to know our stuff. Please, do!

Emotion is the new ID

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Ok, so the title’s a bit over the top, but…I think there’s something here. Everyone is now talking about how AI can take over a bunch of ID roles. Frankly, I agree (and have said so). In thinking about it (on a walk, as usual ;), I realized there’s a reframing, and I think it’s important. Despite being a tad flip, I do think emotion is the new ID.

So, there are things AI can’t do. It doesn’t really understand, basically. It can look at relationships and infer structure from good content! (That is, if there’s bad content, the inferences are also bad). We still need oversight, basically. So, one role will be to check AI output for accuracy. However, that’s something that largely comes from domain expertise. We’ve always needed subject matter experts to review output.

When I say AI doesn’t really understand, I mean more, however. It’s syntactically manipulating to generate semantics, but semantics is still largely cognitive. Yet as humans, we’re affective (personality) and conative (motivation) as well. In short, we’re emotional (not purely rational). Context matters. Meaning matters! We need to address these elements in our learning experiences.

Thus, I posit that it takes humans to write the introduction to learning experiences, to set the ‘hook‘. Similarly, it takes humans to make practice activities (aka assessment) that have an engaging context, appropriate challenge, and naturally embed the task. Essentially, making the practice meaningful. That’s something we, uniquely, can do.

When I wrote my book Make It Meaningful, I was explicitly addressing the fact that much of ID addresses the learning science alone (if even doing that). It was designed as a complement to my learning science book, to provide a complete LXD picture. What I didn’t expect was the advent of the LLM AIs. Yet, serendipitously (it seems to me, with the usual caveat ;), the latest book addresses the most important part of learning that AI can’t do now or  in the foreseeable future.

Look, I strongly believe that we don’t pay enough attention to engagement, and yet we can. (Note: I do not mean the trivial engagement approaches: tarted-up content presentation like ‘click to see more’, fancy production values, etc.) I run workshops online and face-to-face on this because it’s my passionate and informed belief, not because it’s going to make me rich (it won’t). It just so happens that with this advent, I think it’s even more true that emotion is the new ID. Fortunately, I think we do know how to do it. I think it gives us a role going forward; a way to answer the question: but what about AI? We just have to be prepared to respond. Are you?

Make Meaningful Practice

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Last week, I gave a webinar with the CEO of Upside Learning on microlearning. In the commentary, one of the attendees pointed to the research of Pooja Agarwal. Turns out she’s worked with Roediger (one of the authors of Make It Stick, a book on my list). In a paper I found there, I found justification there for an approach I’ve advocated. My point is that we should make meaningful practice. Which is something I think we don’t focus enough on, so let me elaborate.

So, I argue that even for rote knowledge, you should retrieve in context and apply it. That is, I believe strongly in how Van Merriënboer talks about the knowledge you need and the complex problems you apply it to. That is, the knowledge underpins the ability to determine an appropriate approach and execute.  However, checking to see whether you have the knowledge can be either typical knowledge test or retrieval in some meaningful way. I think the former is boring, but it did seem to align with what learning science would imply.

Fortunately, in that paper (PDF), however, she tested and found that while lower level testing lead to better lower-level recall, it didn’t impact higher-level problem-solving.  Even a combination of low- and high-level questions wasn’t noticeably better than just higher-level question practice. So, if you want the higher-level skills, you practice them and that’s what’s necessary. Such questions require you to know the lower-level material, but don’t seem to need fact-checks.

Which, for experience design, is great news. My book on engagement suggested more meaningful practice. (It’s really on learning experience design, as it’s a complement to my learning science book. The final chapter talks about a design process for integrating learning science with engagement. ) What I proposed was to make practice meaningful by  retrieving information in the context of applying it. This is the case whether it’s mini-scenarios, branching scenarios, or full games.

FYI, if you’re seeking a face-to-face workshop talking about engagement, I’ll point you to my upcoming one at DevLearn in Las Vegas on October 24. The focus is on elegantly integrating engagement, including how to make meaningful practice, It received top ratings across the board when I ran it last year, so I am confident it’s worth it. I’m running a related workshop online right now, but at times most appropriate for the Asia-Pacific region, but if you’re interested, you might check it out.